三个陆地棉芽黄突变体的遗传及育种利用研究

Genetic Analysis and Breeding Application of Three Upland Cotton Virescent Mutants

棉花芽黄性状是一种优良的指示性状,在棉花杂种优势研究中具有重要的利用价值。本研究以3个芽黄突变体71-7、62-17和115-23为试验材料,配制了33个杂交组合,研究芽黄性状分离规律、芽黄性状的回交转育和优势组合选配。结果表明:71-7和115-23两个突变体的芽黄基因为单基因控制的隐性性状,62-17材料为单基因控制的不完全显性性状;通过回交转育方法,创制了9份带有芽黄标记性状的陆地棉三系种质资源;通过配制的12个优势组合综合性状分析,筛选出组合Y34和Y26具有较高的籽棉产量和皮棉产量,并可作为早熟杂交棉新品系选送新疆维吾尔自治区早熟陆地棉组进行品种参试。本研究结果可为新疆棉花种质创制、新基因挖掘及新品种培育提供新的亲本及基因来源。

Virescent mutant was first recognized from the upland cotton.Since its yellow-green phenotype was often found to be associated with the heterosis,this has been used as a phenotypic marker in cotton breeding.By taking use of three virescent mutants 71-7,62-17 and 115-23,this work generated 33 hybridization combinations in order to genetically localize the underlying functional genes and to identify the elite lines with a potential used for cotton breeding.The genetic analysis suggested that a single recessive genetic locus causing virescent in sprout was present in mutants 71-7 and 115-23,respectively.A single locus with the incomplete dominant mode was detected in virescent mutant 62-17.We generated by backcross breeding approach with virescent marker,nine elite germplasms including male sterile lines,maintainer lines and restorer lines.Moreover,by analysis of comprehensive character of 12 dominant combinations,two lines Y34 and Y26 showed higher value on seed cotton yield and lint yield,and both can be used as new strains of precocious hybrid cotton in early maturing group of Xinjiang for Variety Screening Test.Taken together,this study provided new cotton germplasm resource,which might be used in identification of the functional genes and breeding of elite upland cotton varieties in Xinjiang.