2015-2017年兰州市重点职业病监测结果分析

Surveillance of Key Occupational Diseases in Lanzhou,China,2015—2017

目的分析兰州市2015—2017年重点职业病监测结果。方法对2015—2017年兰州市重点职业病监测情况进行描述与对比分析。结果2015—2017年报告的重点职业病人数占总职业病人数89.92%。2017重点职业病危害因素监测岗位数高于2015年和2016年,煤尘(煤矽尘)、矽尘和噪声岗位超标率下降,苯岗位超标率增加。2015—2017年个案卡收集率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2015年职业禁忌证检出率高于2016和2017年(P<0.05),2017年疑似职业病检出率低于2015和2016年(P<0.05)。2015—2017年接触苯和噪声的劳动者疑似职业病检出率、职业禁忌证检出率和专项指标检出率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),接触煤尘(煤矽尘)和矽尘疑似职业病和专项指标检出率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。总工龄收集率和苯接触的劳动者血常规指标收集率较低。2015—2017年兰州市工伤保险待遇落实率37.21%。结论2015—2017年3年期间兰州市重点职业病监测工作得到了加强,但监测范围以及工作服务体系仍需进一步提高。

Objective To analyze the situation of key occupational diseases in Lanzhou,Gansu Province,China,from 2015 to 2017.Methods The surveillance data of key occupational diseases in Lanzhou from 2015 to2017 were described and analyzed.Results During 2015 to 2017,reported cases of key occupational diseases accounted for 89.92%of the total cases of occupational diseases.The number of jobs monitored for hazardous factors for key occupational diseases in 2017 was higher than that in 2015 and 2016.The over-proof rate was decreased for coal dust(coal-silica dust)-related jobs,silica dust-related jobs,and noise-related posts,while it was increased for benzene-related jobs.There were significant differences in the collection rate of case cards between 2015,2016,and 2017(P<0.05).The detection rate of occupational contraindications was higher in 2015 than in 2016 and 2017(P<0.05).The detection rate of suspected occupational diseases was lower in 2017 than in2015 and 2016(P<0.05).Significant differences were observed between 2015,2016,and 2017 in the detection rates of suspected occupational diseases,occupational contraindications,and specific indicators among workers exposed to benzene and noise(P<0.05),as well as in the detection rates of suspected occupational diseases and specific indicators among workers exposed to coal dust(coal-silica dust)or silica dust(P<0.05).The collection rates of total length of service and the blood routine indices of workers exposed to benzene were low.Only 37.21%of workers diagnosed with occupational diseases benefited from occupational injury insurance in Lanzhou during2015 to 2017.Conclusion There has been improvement in the surveillance of key occupational diseases in Lanzhou from 2015 to 2017,but the scope of surveillance needs to be expanded,and the system of the service needs to be further improved.