重庆市武隆区幼儿园室内空气甲醛对儿童健康影响风险评估

Risk Assessment of Formaldehyde Effects in Indoor Air on Children’s Health in Kindergartens in Wulong District,Chongqing,China

目的评估重庆武隆区幼儿园室内空气甲醛致癌风险。方法2019年随机抽取武隆区城区和乡镇幼儿园各13所以及5名儿童家庭住所,测定其室内空气中甲醛浓度。运用健康风险评价的方法评估空气甲醛对儿童致癌风险。结果幼儿园室内空气甲醛平均浓度为0.029(0.024~0.122)mg/m^3,其中城区和乡镇幼儿园室内空气甲醛浓度分别为0.047(0.029~0.183)和0.025(0.018~0.034)mg/m^3,城区高于农村(P<0.05);家庭室内甲醛平均浓度为0.014(0.011~0.022)mg/m^3,其中城区和乡镇儿童家庭住所室内甲醛浓度分别为0.014(0.013~0.038)和0.011(0.008~0.019)mg/m^3,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);8所(61.54%)城区幼儿园和11所(84.62%)乡镇幼儿园及所调查儿童家庭室内空气甲醛浓度未超过国家标准限值。城区和农村儿童的甲醛致癌风险分别为:2.29×10^-5和1.46×10^-5,全区幼儿园儿童甲醛致癌风险为1.88×10^-5。结论武隆区幼儿园室内空气中甲醛浓度具有一定的健康风险,应当引起重视。

Objective To investigate formaldehyde concentrations in the indoor air of kindergartens in Wulong District,Chongqing,China,and to assess the carcinogenic risks.Methods In 2019,we randomly selected13 urban kindergartens and 13 township kindergartens in Wulong District,along with 5 children’s residences each,and measured the concentrations of formaldehyde in the indoor air of kindergartens and residences.The carcinogenic risk of air formaldehyde was estimated by the health risk assessment method.Results The median concentration of indoor formaldehyde in the kindergartens was 0.029(0.024~0.122)mg/m^3.Urban kindergartens had a significantly higher median formaldehyde concentration than township kindergartens(0.047[0.029~0.183]mg/m^3 vs0.025[0.018~0.034]mg/m^3,P<0.05).The mean formaldehyde concentration in the children’s residences was0.014(0.011~0.022)mg/m^3.There was no significant difference in the formaldehyde concentration between the urban and township residences of children(0.014[0.013~0.038]mg/m^3 vs 0.011[0.008~0.019]mg/m^3,P>0.05).The indoor formaldehyde concentration was below the national regulatory limit in 8(61.54%)urban kindergartens,11(84.62%)township kindergartens,and all children’s residences.The carcinogenic risk of formaldehyde was 2.29×10^-5 for urban children,1.46×10^-5 for township children,and 1.88×10^-5 for total children in Wulong District.Conclusion The concentration of formaldehyde in the indoor air of kindergartens in Wulong District can cause a certain health risk,which should be paid attention to.