现代人地关系与人地系统科学

Modern Human-Earth Relationship and Human-Earth System Science

人地关系地域系统理论系统提出30 a来,对促进地理学综合研究、学科建设和服务国家重大战略决策发挥了重要的科学支撑与导向作用。深入解析了人地关系地域系统理论的科学内涵及时代价值,诠释了现代人地系统的类型与环境,提出了"人地圈"与人地系统科学研究的主要内容和前沿领域。初步研究表明:①现代人地系统具有复杂性、地域性和动态性特征,人-地交互作用过程、格局及其综合效应正在发生深刻变化,地球表层人地系统成为现代地学综合研究的核心内容和重要主题。②科学认知和有效协调人地关系,亟需深入探究人地系统耦合格局与机理,探明人地关系地域系统类型、结构及其动力机制。依据城乡关系将人地关系地域类型划分为城市地域系统、城乡融合系统、乡村地域系统。乡村地域系统可细分为农业系统、村庄系统、乡域系统、城镇系统等子系统,分别对应于作土关系、人居关系、居业关系、产城关系。③现代人类活动强烈地作用于地球表层人地系统,形成了人地系统耦合与交互作用的地表圈层-"人地圈",其实质是现代人类活动与地表环境相互联系、耦合渗透而形成的自然–经济–技术综合体或人地协同体。④人地系统科学或人地科学是研究人地系统耦合机理、演变过程及其复杂交互效应的新型交叉学科。它是现代地理科学与地球系统科学的深度交叉和聚焦,以现代人地圈系统为对象,致力于探究人类活动改造和影响地表环境系统的状态,以及人地系统交互作用与耦合规律、人地协同体形成机理与演化过程。人地系统耦合与可持续发展是人地系统科学的研究核心。传承创新人地关系地域系统理论和发展人地系统科学,更能凸显地球表层人类的主体性、人地协同的过程性和可持续发展的战略性,为人地系统协调与可持续发展决策提供科学指导。

In the past 30 years,the theory of human-earth areal system has played an important support and guidance role in promoting the comprehensive research,disciplinary development and serving national strategic decision of geography.This study analyzes the scientific connotation and era value of human-earth areal system,explores the types and environment of modern human-earth system,and puts forward'human-earth sphere'and the main contents and frontier fields of human-earth system science.The results show that:1)The modern human-earth system is characterized by complexity,regionalism and dynamicity.The processes,pattern and comprehensive effect of human-earth interaction are undergoing profound changes,and the humanearth system on the surface of the earth has become the critical content and important theme of modern geosciences.2)To scientifically understand and effectively coordinate the human-earth relationship,it is urgent to explore the coupling pattern and mechanism of human-earth relationship and to analyze the type,structure and dynamic mechanism of human-earth areal system.Based on the urban-rural relationship,the humanearth areal system can be divided into urban regional system,urban-rural integration system and rural regional system.Furthermore,the rural regional system is subdivided into agricultural system,village system,rural system and township system.3)Modern human activities strongly affect the human-earth system on the surface of the earth,forming a new surface with the coupling and interaction between human and earth.In essence,it is a natural-economic-technological synthesis or human-earth coordination.They are also the main contents of deepening the researches on the coupling of human-earth system and supporting decision-making for coordinated development of human-earth system.4)Human-earth system science or human-earth science is a new interdisciplinary subject which studies the coupling mechanism,evolution process and complex interaction effect of man earth system.It is the deep intersection and focus of modern geographic science and earth system science.Taking the modern human-earth sphere system as the research object,it is committed to exploring the state of human activities transforming and affecting the surface environment system,the interaction and coupling law of human-earth system,the formation mechanism and evolution process of human-earth coordination.Human-earth system coupling and sustainable development is the core of human-earth system science.Inheriting and innovating the theory of human-earth areal system and developing the human-earth system science will highlight the subjectivity of human on the earth surface,the process of human-earth coordination and the strategy of sustainable development,thus providing scientific guidance for the coordination of human-earth system and sustainable development decision-making.