美国依托大学建设的世界级实验室管理运行机制研究——以国家实验室为例

Research on management and operation mechanism of world-class laboratories based on university construction in U.S.A: Case of national laboratory

该文介绍了美国联邦政府资助的研发中心管理体系,分析了美国大学管理的国家实验室在管理模式、运营情况、研发经费、实验室主任、评估考核、岗位设置、员工激励等方面的管理情况,提出了我国依托大学建设国家实验室的建议,其中包括:建立国家实验室持续稳定的投入及增长机制,建立国家实验室承包运营竞争机制,建立实验室主任广泛遴选机制,建立实验室人员多样化与员工激励机制,给予国家实验室充分的自主运营权和推动国家实验室科研设施共享。

This paper introduces the management system of federally funded research and development centers of the United States, and analyzes the management of national laboratories in American universities from different perspectives: management model, operation, research and development funds, laboratory directors, evaluation and assessment, post setting, employee motivation, etc. It proposes the university-based state laboratory construction and management mechanism that includes: the continuous and stable investment and growth mechanism for the national laboratory, a competitive mechanism for contracted operation of the national laboratory, laboratory director selection from a wider candidates, a mechanism of diversified incentives for laboratory personnel and staff, the higher level of self-decision making on operations as well as equipment and facility sharing.