妊娠期流行性感冒病毒感染及疫苗接种预防新进展

Advances in influenza virus infection and vaccination during pregnancy

流行性感冒(简称流感)是由流感病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染。由于孕妇独特的生理状态,孕妇流感病毒感染后病情重,易合并感染严重并发症,导致母婴严重不良后果。随着检验技术的提升,病毒核酸检测可高效诊断流感,但由于部分药物具有致畸性,流感的治疗手段较为有限。疫苗接种可显著降低感染风险,母亲免疫水平高、疫苗抗原量大、妊娠中晚期接种能使疫苗发挥更好的保护作用。本文总结了妊娠期流感的主要临床特征、诊疗及疫苗接种新进展。

Influenza is an acute respiratory infection caused by influenza virus.Due to the special physiological status,pregnant women infected with influenza virus often demonstrate severe symptoms,serious complications and adverse consequences for mothers and children.With the improvement of detection technology,influenza can be efficiently diagnosed through viral nucleic acid detection.Considering the side-effects of some drugs,the treatment of influenza infection should be cautious.In clinical practice,prevention is important.Vaccination,the most effective preventive measure,can significantly reduce the risk of infection.The latest researches show that the effects of vaccination can be enhanced with higher maternal immunity level,large doses of vaccine antigen and even vaccination during mid-or late stages of pregnancy.In this review,we summarize the main clinical features and advances in diagnosis,treatment and vaccination of influenza in pregnancy.