漫顶条件下尾矿库溃坝模型试验及灾害预测

Model test and disaster prediction of tailings pond dam failure under overtopping condition

矿山开采中尾矿库对下游人员的生命、财产安全与生态都是一个潜在危险源,由此而引起的工程事故也屡见不鲜。为研究尾矿库的溃坝过程及对下游的影响情况,以拟建尾矿库为对象,通过模型试验系统研究了整个溃坝过程中的坝体失稳的形态变化、水砂流向下游的演进过程、水砂流的淹没范围,以及溃坝流场的演进过程。研究结果表明,模型试验中整个溃坝过程共历时30min,下游上地村居民点完全被淹没,时州村居民点左岸部分高程较大房屋未被淹没,坝脚区域尾砂淤积量约为总溃泄量的36%,水砂流的流速受地形、地势及流经长度影响较大,研究成果可为尾矿库及类似尾矿库的工程论证与方案设计提供依据。

The tailings dam in mining is a potential source of danger to the downstream life,property and ecology,and the engineering accidents caused by it are not uncommon.In order to study the dam failure process of tailings pond and its influence on the downstream,this paper took the newly built tailings pond as the object,built the model test system,and studied the morphological change of the dam body instability,the water sand flow evolution process,the flooding range of the water sand flow,and the evolution process of the dam flow field in the whole dam break process.The results show that the whole dam break process lasted for 30 minutes in the model test,and the Shangdi residential area was completely submerged,while the houses located on higher land on the left bank of the Shizhou residential area were not flooded;that the amount of tailings accumulated in the dam foot area was about 36%of the total collapse;and that the flow rate of the water sand flow was greatly affected by the topography and flow length.These results can provide a basis for the engineering demonstration and scheme design of the Meizijia tailings pond and similar tailings ponds.