一个福柯式的解构主义者:海登·怀特对历史学学科化的思考

A Foucaultian Deconstructionist:Hayden White’s Thoughts on Disciplinization of History

通过考察美国历史哲学家海登·怀特对历史学学科化和去学科化的思考,本文试图指出怀特采用了法国思想家米歇尔·福柯的后结构主义思想,并对19世纪历史意识、主体性以及客观性在历史学领域的正统地位进行解构。本文还指出,在反思并批判西方历史哲学的过程中,怀特是一名福柯式的解构主义者。详细考察怀特是如何阅读福柯的专著并吸收后者的思想不仅有助于进一步理解怀特的史学观点与福柯思想之间的联系,而且有利于加深对怀特形象的认识。

Through an examination of American philosopher of history Hayden White’s thoughts on both disciplinization and de-disciplinization of history,this article attempts to point out that White adopts French thinker Michel Foucault’s poststructural thoughts and deconstructs historical consciousness of the nineteenth century,subjectivity and objectivity.This article also demonstrates,while reflecting and criticizing western philosophy of history,White is a Foucaultian deconstructionist.A detailed consideration of how White reads Foucault’s monographs and assimilates the latter’s ideas is helpful not only to further understand interrelations between White’s historical views and Foucault’s ideas,but also to deepen recognition of White’s image.