伴生放射性矿放射性污染现状及其防治管理对策

The Current Situation of Radioactive Pollution of Associated Radioactive Minerals and its Countermeasures of Prevention and Management

文章结合第一次全国伴生放射性污染源普查数据,对几种主要伴生放射性矿(磷酸盐、锆石、锌/铅、煤、钒、铝、铁、铜、稀土等)及其放射性核素情况展开分析。分析了伴生放射性矿在开采、开发过程中形成的放射性环境污染问题及现状。运用数据处理、图像统计对比等分析方法,探讨原矿/精矿与其固体废物的核素水平差异曲线,得出了不同伴生放射性矿中所含核素具有异质性,伴生放射性矿固体废物是引起放射性污染的重要原因等结论。在此基础上,对相关问题和目前防治措施的局限性进行探讨,提出建议,为我国核安全与放射性污染防治管理部门提供决策参考。

Based on the data of the first national survey of associated radioactive pollution sources,the situation of several major associated radioactive minerals(phosphate,zircon,zinc/lead,coal,vanadium,aluminum,iron,copper,rare earth,etc.)and their radionuclides are analyzed.The present situation and problems of radioactive environmental pollution in the process of mining and developing associated radioactive ore are analyzed.By means of data processing,image statistical comparison and other analysis methods,the difference curve of nuclide level between raw ore/concentrate and its solid waste is obtained.It is concluded that the nuclides in different associated ores are heterogeneous,and the solid waste of associated ore is a major cause of radioactive pollution.On this basis,the related problems and prevention measures were studied in depth,and the solutions were put forward.It can provide reference for the nuclear safety and radioactive pollution control and management department in China.