分层采油技术的发展历程和展望

Development and prospect of separated zone oil production technology

概述了国外分层采油技术的发展状况,基于中国油田开发进程、生产需求、技术特点和适应性等条件,梳理了国内分层采油技术的发展历程,将其分为自喷分层配产、机采井找堵水、液压可调层、智能分层采油4个发展阶段,详细介绍了技术原理、施工工艺、技术适应性和优缺点。基于现阶段油田实际生产情况,提出未来分层采油技术的3个发展方向:从油井适用的井下传感器技术、地面和井下双向通讯技术、全生命周期服役能力、水平井适应性等方面提高分层采油技术的实时监测与调整水平;结合数字化人工举升系统构建分层采油技术与管理综合平台;通过分层采油、分层注水规模化应用实现注采一体化,提高注入端和采出端参数匹配调整水平,使得开发调整由"滞后调控"向"实时优化"转变,提高开发效果。

This article outlines the development of separated zone oil production in foreign countries, and details its development in China. According to the development process, production needs, technical characteristics and adaptability of oilfields in China, the development of separate zone oil production technology is divided into four stages: flowing well zonal oil production, mechanical recovery and water blocking, hydraulically adjustable zonal oil production, and intelligent zonal production. The principles, construction processes, adaptability, advantages and disadvantages of the technology are introduced in detail. Based on the actual production situation of the oilfields in China at present, three development directions of the technology are proposed. First, the real-time monitoring and adjustment level of separated zone oil production needs to be improved by developing downhole sensor technology and two-way communication technology between ground and downhole and enhancing full life cycle service capability and adaptability to horizontal wells. Second, an integrated platform of zonal oil production and management should be built using a digital artificial lifting system. Third, integration of injection and production should be implemented through large-scale application of zonal oil production and zonal water injection to improve matching and adjustment level between the injection and production parameters, thus making the development adjustment from "lag control" to "real-time optimization" and improving the development effect.