黄土沟壑区域农村生活污水处理模式及技术研究

Research on the Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Model and Technology in Loess Gully Regions

对黄土沟壑区农村生活污水污染源特征、成污条件、排污特征进行了分析,黄土沟壑区域农村生活污水具有污染源相对简单且趋于一致、污水呈中轻度污染;成污与人口居住密度相关,乡镇政府所在地、连片集中居住人口在200人以上的自然村区域设有专门的排污管沟;雨污合流排放、排污点分散、单个排污口排污量一般小于300 m^3/d;排污量与降雨量呈正相关关系,年内排污量雨季大、非雨季期间基本稳定,年际间呈缓慢增长趋势。对现有农村生活污水处理技术进行整理,并结合黄土沟壑区农村生活污水的特征体系,以A/O一体化污水处理设备为主体,集成和创新适应于黄土沟壑区农村生活污水处理技术模块体系,经现场试验测试,污水处理后可达到国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级A要求,投资少,施工方便且周期短。

By analyzing the pollution characteristics of rural domestic sewage in loess gully region,the characteristics of rural domestic sewage on source of pollution,dirt condition and discharge should be laid out.The pollution sources of rural domestic sewage in loess gully areas are relatively simple and tend to be consistent.For the sewage discharge,pipes or channels are constructed in the district of township government located in the natural communities where there are over 200 people.In the loess gully areas,the discharge points are in dispersion,rain and sewage is discharged together,and discharge volume of a single outlet is generally less than 300 m^3/d.There is a positive correlation between the amount of sewage discharged and the amount of rainfall.During a year,the amount of sewage discharged is large in the rainy season and stable in the non-rainy season.Otherwise the interannual growth trend is slow.The rural sewage treatment technology module system is put forward to face the rural sewage in the loess gully regions having screened the existing rural sewage treatment technology,combined with the characteristics of rural domestic sewage system coming from the integrated and innovated the A/O sewage treatment equipment.Through the field test,the sewage treatment system can meet the level A requirement of the national“Discharge Standards for Pollutants from Urban Sewage Treatment Plants”(GB 18918-2002).The treatment technology system can be widely used in the loess gully regions with less investment,convenient construction and a short cycle.