不同种源黑果枸杞种子特征及萌发试验研究

Study on Seed Characteristics and Germination Test of Lycium ruthenicum from Different Provenances

黑果枸杞是一种抗旱、抗寒、抗盐碱、防风固沙的多年生灌木,也是一种常用的藏药植物,主要分布于我国西北部荒漠地区。由于受气候变化和人类活动的影响,野生种质资源受到破坏,目前人工选育的栽培品种极少。本试验以内蒙古、青海、甘肃、新疆等地5个不同种源黑果枸杞种子为供试对象,通过对其种子形态、大小、重量和萌发特性的研究,旨在为其应用开发和有效保护提供理论依据。结果表明:本试验所收集的不同种源黑果枸杞种子长、宽分别在1.5~2.2 mm和1.2~1.6 mm之间;不同种源黑果枸杞种子差异显著(P<0.05),种子百粒重大小为:青海>磴口>额济纳>新疆>甘肃,在25℃培养条件下不同种源黑果枸杞种子萌发进程整体趋势一致,但萌发速率大小顺序为:青海、新疆>甘肃、额济纳>磴口;种子发芽率和发芽势大小顺序均为:新疆>青海>磴口>额济纳>甘肃。整体而言,青海种源黑果枸杞种子各方面指标表现最优。

Lycium ruthenicum is a perennial shrub that can resist drought,cold,salt and alkali,wind and sand.It is also a common Tibetan medicine plant,mainly distributing in desert areas of northwest China.Due to the impact of climate change and human activities,wild resources of L.ruthenicum have been seriously destroyed,and the artificial breeding varieties are rare.Taking the seeds of L.ruthenicum is from five different provenances as research object,based on the study on seed morphology,size,weight and germination characteristics,we want to provide a theoretical basis for its application,development and effective protection.The results show that the length and width of the collected seed of L.uthenicum is 1.5-2.2 mm and 1.2-1.6 mm,respectively.The seeds of L.ruthenicum from different provenances are significantly different(P<0.05).The order of hundred-grain weight of seeds from different provenances is Qinghai>Dengkou>Ejin>Xinjiang>Gansu.Under the culture condition of 25℃,there is same germination process of seeds of L.ruthenicum from different provenance,but the order of germination rate is Qinghai,Xinjiang>Gansu,Ejin>Dengkou,The order of germination rate and germination potential of seeds is Xinjiang>Qinghai>Dengkou>Ejin>Gansu.The seed indexes of Qinghai provenance of L.ruthenicum are better than other provenances in all aspects.