从“解放妇女”到“妇女解放”——1949年前后晋西北农村妇女分工变化之考察

From“Liberating Women”To“Women’s Liberation”:An Investigation on the Change of Rural Women’s Division of Labor in Northwest Shanxi Around 1949

晋西北作为全面抗战爆发后中共进入华北的第一站,革命、战争与乡村社会演变风雨同行,而妇女分工则成为该地区农村变革中的一道亮丽风景。晋西北农村的妇女分工,由传统的“男耕女织”“男外女内”,到抗日根据地及解放区时期妇女开始走出家庭并追求平等,再到新中国成立初期妇女分工的社会化转型,其间之嬗变不仅与中共妇女政策密切相关,亦与农村经济社会发展紧密相连。这一时期,妇女分工的社会化程度被视为中国妇女追求平等的重要路径,而当妇女分工与革命动员和现实需要等相互交织时,制度性安排与妇女劳动之间开始呈现出博弈、协作之多方互动。妇女分工的社会化转型,对妇女走出家庭、走向社会,并开始追求独立平等之人权意义深远。

Northwest Shanxi Province as the first stop for the CCP to enter North China after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,the revolution and war almost went hand in hand with the reform of rural society,and the division of labor among women became a beautiful scenery in the rural reform.The women’s division of labor in rural areas experienced a change from“men working in the fields while women sitting at the loom”and“men responsible for external affairs while women responsible for internal affairs”to women began to step out of the family and pursue equality,and then to the socialized transformation from the traditional to the Early Period of New China.The evolution during this period is not only closely related to the policies of the Communist Party of China,but also closely linked to the rural economic and social development.The degree of socialization of women’s division of labor was regarded as an important way for Chinese women to pursue equality during this period.When women’s division of labor was interwoven with revolutionary mobilization,economic policies and practical needs,institutional arrangements and women’s labor began to show multiple interactions of game and cooperation.The socialized transformation of women’s division of labor has far-reaching significance for women to go out of the family into the society,and begin to pursue the human rights of independence and equality.