慢山:山地旅游发展的适宜模式研究

Slow Mountain:A Suitable Model of Mountain Tourism Development

适宜的山地旅游模式对山地健康可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究从理论理性层面,在基于旅游者物理和心理时间角度划分旅游模式以及分析慢旅游与山地旅游融合发展逻辑基础上,创新地界定了慢山内涵与核心构念,并对慢山实现的相关问题进行了探讨。研究表明:(1)基于旅游物理和心理时间角度可划分出快游观光、快游享乐、慢游猎奇、慢游旅居四种旅游模式。其中慢游旅居的“慢山”是山地旅游的适宜性选择;(2)慢山是“快游”向“慢游”文化转向的一种方向。其本质是为满足旅游者综合性体验需求和期望,充分利用山地高梯度效应和大空间以延长旅游者停留时间和综合体验时间,实现旅游者对生命本性的超越,多产业融合、多群体参与而打造的自由、个性、闲适、精致的山地优质旅游地和健康生活目的地;(3)全漫空间、慢度时间、距离与在场、陌生化与地方感是慢山的核心构念;(4)慢山的实现是在快节奏生活方式和山地真善美文化理想的社会历史背景下进行的,在旅游体验的功能性补偿中,一改“快山”体验缺憾状况,实现旅游者人体、人格、人性的平衡,实现人与山地之间心与物的统一。研究不仅有助于山地旅游新模式的建立并助力“两山”的塑造,而且对优质、高质量旅游发展要求的理解提供了进一步的帮助。

In the early days of the development of mountain tourism in China,some scholars criticized the tourism model characterized by a pattern of extensive and“fast”development,and instead they have been debated for years over how to develop a healthy and sustainable mountain tourism in China.Served as a high-quality tourism development concept,slow tourism advocates tourists to slow down in traveling with a fine taste of scenery,and addresses to specialized landscape exploitation and ecological protection;therefore it provides a new insight into the orientation of mountain tourism development and research focuses.From a theoretical aspect,in this study it assorted tourist models according to physical and psychological time of tourists and evaluated the feasibility of an integration of slow tourism with mountain tourism;therefore it justifies the suitability of Slow Mountain(SM)to mountain tourism.Innovatively it refined the concept of slow mountain,and analyzed its core structure based on tourists'experience needs and expectations,as well as related problems of realization.The research found that:(1)According to physical and psychological time of tourists,generally four tourism models could be categorized:fast sightseeing,fast refreshment tour,slow adventure tour,and slow sojourn tour.Among them,slow sojourn tour features mountain tourism as slow mountain,an appropriate choice for tourists.(2)Slow mountain was a kind of culture diversion which turned fast tour into slow tour.There were comprehensive demands and expectations from tourists to return to nature,to pursue personalized aesthetic pleasure and recluse experience,all of which made up for the deficiency of traditional mountaineers in experiences as aforesaid.Slow mountain made full use of the mountain's high gradient effect and large space to extend the stay time and comprehensive experience time of tourists,so that they could achieve a perception of transcendence of life nature,multi-industry integration,multi-group participation,freedom,personality,leisure,exquisite mountain quality tourism and healthy living destination.(3)Adaptable residence,slow time,distance and presence,strangeness and sense of place constituted the nature of slow mountain;(4)The realization of slow mountain paralleled the current fast-paced lifestyle in city,under the social and historical circumstance of mountain culture idealized by truth,goodness,and beauty.In the functional compensation of tourism experience,the poor experience in“quick mountain”was compromised by slow mountain to realize the balances of human body,personality,and humanity of tourists,and to unify mind and things between people and mountains.The proposal of slow mountain and the study of its core structure and realization not only helped to establish a new model of mountain tourism,but also could shape the“two mountains”;Furthermore,it provided further helped in understanding the concept of tourism development and the requirements for high-quality tourism development.