新西兰地震对EQC法案的推动

The Improvements of EQC Act 1993 after the New Zealand Earthquakes

新西兰是世界上地震保险覆盖率最高的国家,相应法律法规,尤其是地震委员会法案1993(Earthquake Commission Act 1993,简称EQC法案),经过70余年的发展相对完善。2010-2011年坎特伯雷地震序列和2016年凯库拉地震分别是新西兰历史上保险损失最严重和1840年以来震级第二大的地震事件,是对EQC法案的巨大检验,推动了政府对EQC法案执行以来的第一次审查。通过大量文献调研,结合两次地震事件中理赔工作的经验和教训,梳理了2019年7月1日生效的EQC法案与2008年4月1日版法案(事件前)相比的几处重大变化以及两次事件中的理赔经验,主要包括地震委员会(Earthquake Commission,简称EQC)自然灾害保险保障范围、保险金额、保费和再保险,EQC与私营保险公司的协调,对多次事件的理赔,以及EQC职能的变化等。在我国地震巨灾立法的关键时期,为我国地震保险相关法律法规的制定提供借鉴。

New Zealand has the highest coverage of residential insurance for natural disasters in the world. The corresponding laws and regulations, especially the Earthquake Commission Act 1993(EQC Act in short), have been developed for more than 70 years and relatively perfect. The 2010-2011 Canterbury Earthquake Sequence and the 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake, which were the worst insured losses in New Zealand’s history and the second largest since 1840, are challenges to the EQC Act, driving the Government’s first review since its implementation in 1993. Based on a large amount of literature research, the experience and lessons from the settlement during the two earthquakes are presented in this paper. Several of these were written into the EQC Act reprinted as at July 1, 2019, compared with that reprinted as at 1 April, 2008(before the event). The lessons mainly includes the scope of EQC insurance coverage, the amount of insurance, the premium, the deductible amount and reinsurance;the coordination with private insurance companies;the settlement of multiple events, and the change of EQC roles. It is expected to provide references for the formulation of relevant laws and regulations of earthquake insurance in China.