伽达默尔诠释学理论“中心”歧异与文本中心论辩护

The Paradigm of “Center” in Gadamer’s Hermeneutics Theory and the Defense of Text Center

伽达默尔继承海德格尔本体论诠释学的思维方式,认为作品的意义表现于无限的理解过程中。诠释学中,作者、文本、读者是最基本的要素,当前学界关于伽达默尔诠释学理论中心存在颇多争议,主要表现为"读者中心""文本中心"及读者与文本相互作用三种理论倾向。在伽达默尔诠释学中,理解作为诠释核心,就应当从理解过程剖析文本与读者的地位和角色。从理解前提看,理解者总是带着对文本的前见进行理解;从理解对象看,读者作为一种彻底的中介,不断构形文本;从理解任务看,读者总是将其现有的视域置入文本视域,在视域交融中把握文本的意义。故应将伽达默尔诠释理论视为"文本中心论"而非"读者中心论",文本在理解过程中呈现开放的面向,表现其真正的存在。

Gadamer inherits Heidegger’ s hermeneutic thinking mode and thinks that the meaning of the work is manifested in the process of infinite understanding.In hermeneutics,the author,the text and the reader are the most basic elements.At present in academia,there are many controversies about Gadamer’ s hermeneutics theory center,which mainly shows three theoretical tendencies:the reader center,the text center and the reader-text interaction.In Gadamer’ s hermeneutics,as the core of interpretation,understanding should analyze the position and role of text and readers from the process of understanding.From the perspective of understanding premise,the understanding happens with antecedents to the text;from the understanding object,the reader,as a thorough intermediary,constantly constructs the text;from the understanding task,readers always put their existing horizons into those of the text and get the meaning of the text in the blending of horizons.Therefore,Gadamer’ s interpretation theory should be regarded as "text centrism" rather than "reader centrism",and the text is open while being understood and shows its real existence.