摘要
A new era of electricity is dawning that combines the decarbonization of the grid with the extensive electrification of all sectors of society.A grid as smart as the internet is needed to harness the full potential of renewables,accommodate technology disruptions,embrace the rise of prosumers,and seamlessly integrate nano-,mini-,and micro-grids.The internet is built upon a layered architecture that facilitates technology innovations,and its intelligence is distributed throughout a hierarchy of networks.Fundamental differences between data flows and power flows are examined.The current operating paradigm of the grid is based on the conviction that a centralized grid operator is necessary to maintain instantaneous power balance on the grid.A new distributed paradigm can be realized by distributing this responsibility to sub-grids and requiring each sub-grid to maintain its net power balance.A grid as smart as the internet based on this new paradigm,as well as a hierarchical network structure and a layered architecture of operating principles,is presented.
基金
the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0903000)。
