论数据驱动创新与个人信息保护的冲突与平衡――基于对日本医疗数据规制经验的考察

On Conflict and Balance Between Data-driven Innovation and Personal Information Protection——A Study of Japan’s Medical Data Regulation Experience

如何把握数据驱动创新与个人信息保护之间的平衡,深刻影响一国数字经济发展的未来,尤其在医疗数据等敏感个人数据领域。日本在医疗数据规制领域建立"基本法+专门法"双层法律体系,并在操作层面创设"匿名加工+认定"制度,以平衡医疗大数据开发与个人信息保护之间的关系,形成独树一格的日本式规制模式。针对我国在个人信息保护和数据开发利用2个方面立法滞后、制度不健全的现状,建议:(1)加快推进数据保护体系构建,弥补"保护缺位";(2)系统思考数据保护与运用的平衡关系,探索实效性发展举措,弥补"发展缺位";(3)借鉴日本经验做法,为推进医疗数据开发利用,完善相关配套制度。

How to balance the relationship between the development of data and personal information protection, is an important problem affecting the development of digital economy of the country, especially in the field of sensitive personal data such as medical data. In the medical field, Japan formed its own regulation system according to its domestic situation. Based on the experiences of Japan, this study proposed some suggestions which would improve our concerned systems.(1) China is not yet having specific personal information protection legislation, let alone a set of effective personal information protection legal system. So, a special law should be formulated to protect the right of personal information, and be perfected as soon as possible from the aspect of protection of right of privacy of the citizen in China.(2) China shall attach great importance to the development and application of personal data and medical data, and design the relevant regulations.(3) Anonymity and opt-out requirements are used in personal information protection. Japan has accumulated much mature experience in medical data regulation, which is worthy of being drawn upon by regulators in China.