根际化学信号物质与土壤养分转化

Rhizospheric Chemical Signals and Soil Nutrient Transformation

土壤微生物驱动了农田生态系统养分循环,而根际化学信号能显著改变土壤微生物组成并影响养分转化,在促进植物生长、抵抗生物和非生物胁迫方面具有重要作用。目前,根际化学信号的研究已从早期植物与菌根真菌和根瘤菌间的信号传导,拓展到与非共生微生物的互作研究,最近有研究发现根际信号物质能塑造根际有益微生物组。重点综述了近年来根际化学信号物质与土壤养分转化方面的国内外研究进展。首先提出了根际化学信号物质的概念,归纳了信号物质类型与功能。进一步讨论了植物-植物、植物-微生物以及微生物-微生物三个生物互作过程中信号物质对氮、磷、铁养分转化的影响,分析了当前研究的不足。最后,对根际化学信号物质未来的研究方向作出展望,强调了化学检测、多组学和重组菌群等技术在根际化学信号物质研究中的重要性。

Though nutrient cycling in a farmland ecosystem is mainly driven by soil microbes,rhizospheric chemical signals can significantly change the composition of soil microbes and affect nutrient transformation,thus it plays a key role in promoting plant growth and resisting biotic and abiotic stresses.At present,the signal transmission between plants and mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobia in early stage has been extended to the study of its interactions with non-symbiotic microorganisms.Recently,it has been found that rhizospheric signal substances can shape the rhizosphere beneficial microbiome.This paper focuses on the recent domestic and international research progress in rhizospheric chemical signals and soil nutrient transformation.First,the concept of the chemical signals in the rhizosphere is proposed,and the types and functions of the signal substances are summarized.Then the effects of signal substances on the conversion of nitrogen,phosphorus and iron nutrients involved in the plant-plant,plant-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions are further discussed,and the deficiencies of current researches are analyzed.Finally,the future research direction of rhizospheric chemical signals is prospected,and the importance of techniques such as chemical detection,multi-omics and synthetic bacterial community in the rhizosphere chemical signaling research is emphasized.