招考分离推动测评理论与高校招生实践耦合共进的分析与思考

Analysis and Reflection on the Separation of Admission and Examination to Promote the Coupling of Evaluation Theory and College Admission Practice

招考分离是美国高校考试招生体系的显著特征,在一定程度上推动了教育测评理论与高校招生实践的耦合共进。测试与招生的分工促进专业化发展,测试机构与高校各司其职、各有所专;市场机制高效灵活、竞争推动持续创新;各学术团体搭建的学习、交流与合作平台提供广泛的智力支持。我国高考制度改革不能直接移植或简单模仿美国经验,需结合我国国情落实招考分离改革任务和推动理论与实践耦合共进,其必由之路包括:政府适当放松管控,逐步使测试机构和高校在考试与招生上各尽其责,招生逐步交由高校自主探寻、学习与调适;渐进强化市场机制,创新和发展竞争性的改革方法论;进一步提升学术团体的参与,为高考理论研究与改革实践提供更多的智力支持。招考分离是我国高考制度深层次、根本性的战略变革,需要解放思想,需要历史耐心,也需要审慎与包容。

The separation between admission and college entrance test is the key feature in the United States.This mechanism is independently chosen by each college,which has lasted for decades and evolved in the spontaneous competition.The reason why it can promote the coupling and progress of educational assessment theory and college admission practice is that the division of labor between test and admission ensures that test institutions and colleges perform their own duties and have their own specialties,and the division of labor effectively promotes specialization;market mechanism is efficient and flexible,competition promotes continuous innovation,as well as learning,communication and cooperation built by academic groups provides intellectual supports.The reform of Gaokao in China can not and should not directly transplant or simply imitate the American mode.However,in the process of gradually making the examination institutions and colleges perform their respective duties in examination and admission,the government should appropriately relax the control and give it to the colleges to independently explore,study and adjust;gradually strengthen the market mechanism,innovate and develop the competitive reform methodology;further improve the academic groups.It is the only way to carry out the reform task of separation of admission and examination and promote the coupling of theory and practice.The separation of admission and examination is a profound and fundamental strategic change in China,which requires emancipation of mind and great historical patience,prudence and inclusiveness.