饮品对北京市社区中老年人群骨质疏松影响的调查研究

The effects of drinks intake on osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly population in Beijing community:a cross-sectional study

目的探讨饮品摄入对北京市社区中老年人群骨质疏松的影响。方法于2017年11月至2018年7月,采用现场问卷调查的形式共筛查北京市朝阳区、丰台区10个社区中老年人1642例,问卷内容包括受试者的基本信息和饮品饮用习惯(奶制品、豆浆、红茶、绿茶、咖啡及碳酸饮料)等。结合骨密度检测结果,对比分析骨量正常与骨质疏松人群的一般特征、饮品摄入情况,通过Logistic回归方法分析被调查人群骨量疏松可能的影响因素。结果共计1540例符合研究方案,其中骨质疏松人群521例,骨量正常人群305例,男性208例,女性618例,平均年龄为(63.0±7.2)岁。两类人群在性别、年龄、体质指数、是否绝经、绝经年限等方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。经χ^2检验,骨质疏松人群经常饮用红茶与绿茶的比例低于骨量正常人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01~0.05)。经Logistic回归分析,全人群中经常饮用奶制品可能是预防骨质疏松的保护因素(β=-0.44,OR=0.64,P=0.017),女性人群中经常饮用咖啡可能是预防骨质疏松的保护因素(β=-1.46,OR=0.23,P=0.032)。结论北京市社区中老年骨质疏松的发生除受到性别、年龄、体质指数、绝经年限等因素影响之外,还与居民饮品摄入习惯密切相关,绝经后女性是骨质疏松防治的重点人群。

Objective To investigate the effect of drink on osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly population in Beijing community.Methods From November 2017 to July 2018,a total of 1,642 middle-aged and elderly people in 10 communities from Chaoyang District and Fengtai District in Beijing were interviewed by using on-site questionnaires.The questionnaire included the subjects’basic information and their drinking habits(Dairy products,soy milk,black tea,green tea,coffee,and carbonated beverages).Compared the general characteristics,drinking habits and the result of bone mineral density test between osteoporosis patients and normal people and analyzed the possible influencing factors of osteoporosis in the surveyed population logistic regression method.Results 1540 subjects were in accordance with the study protocol at total,including 521 osteoporosis population,305 normal people,208 men and 618 women.Their average age was(63.02±7.15)years.There were significant differences in gender,age,body mass index,menopause and menopause years between the two groups(P<0.01).According toχ^2 test,the proportion of osteoporosis people who often drink black tea and green tea were lower than that of people with normal bone mass,which had significant statistical difference(P<0.01-0.05).According to logistic regression analysis,drinking milk products regularly in the whole population might be the protective factor of osteoporosis prevention(β=-0.44,OR=0.64,P=0.017),and drinking coffee regularly in the female population might be the protective factor of osteoporosis prevention(β=-1.46,OR=0.23,P=0.032).Conclusion The incidence of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly people in the community from Beijing is not only affected by factors such as gender,age,body mass index,age of menopause,but also closely related to residents'drinking habits.Postmenopausal women are the key population for osteoporosis prevention and treatment.