不同小麦新品种干物质积累、分配及产量分析

Analysis of Dry Matter Accumulation, Distribution, and Yields of Different New Wheat Varieties

为了明确小麦新品种的增产特点,充分挖掘品种增产潜力,以冬小麦漯麦906和昌麦18为试验材料,周麦18为对照,于2017—2018年在河南安阳柏庄镇进行大田试验,研究2个品种单株干物质积累及器官分配和产量的田间表现。结果表明,小麦拔节期叶片干质量大于茎鞘干质量,抽穗期茎鞘干质量大于叶片干质量。随着生育期的推进,植株干物质质量逐渐从营养器官转移至生殖器官,花后籽粒干质量逐步增加,穗轴+颖壳干质量逐步降低。籽粒灌浆中后期漯麦906和昌麦18籽粒干质量日均增加速率基本大于周麦18。漯麦906和昌麦18穗粒数、千粒质量和容重均高于周麦18,为籽粒高产奠定了基础。本试验漯麦906和昌麦18的产量与周麦18相比,增幅分别为4.26%、4.18%。

The goal of this study was to clarify the characteristics and yielding ability of new wheat varieties.In 2017 and 2018,a field experiment was carried out at Baizhuang Town,Anyang City to evaluate the yielding traits of the new wheat varieties Luomai 906 and Changmai 18,with the wheat variety Zhoumai 18 used as the control.The results showed that the dry weight of leaves was in general significantly higher than that of stems and leaf sheaths at the jointing stage.However,the dry weight of stems and leaf sheaths was significantly higher than that of leaves at the heading stage.Along with the growth and development of wheat,the dry matter weight gradually declined in the vegetative organs,but gradually rose in the reproductive organs.After the flowering stage,the dry weight of grains increased steadily,whereas that of cobs and glumes decreased gradually.The daily increase rates of seed dry-matter of Luomai 906 and Changmai 18 were higher than that of Zhoumai 18 at the middle and late grain filling stages.Luomai 906 and Changmai 18 also had significantly higher grain number,1000-grain weight,and bulk density than Zhoumai 18,which contributed to their higher yields.In this experiment,the yields of Luomai 906 and Changmai 18 were significantly higher than that of Zhoumai 18 by 4.26%and 4.18%,respectively.