枳壳生产的现状调查和问题分析

Current situation and problems of Aurantii fructus production

目的调查枳壳品种、种植、产地、采收、初加工、贮藏、变质、炮制等生产环节的现状,分析存在的问题,提出针对性的解决方法,为枳壳的规范化生产提供参考依据。方法实地调研了2个枳壳种植基地(江西鄱阳县和重庆江津区)、3个药材市场(河北安国、广东广州和江西樟树)和一些农户,总结枳壳生产的现状,发现影响枳壳质量的问题。查阅文献并结合笔者的专业知识,提出解决这些问题的具体措施。结果枳壳品种众多,不同地区种植的品种不一致。对不同地区种植方式进行分析,发现采收时间有差异。采收、初加工、贮藏尚未建立统一的标准,对容易出现的虫蛀、变色、发霉等变质现象也未见科学合理的解决方法。结论为了保证枳壳的质量,有必要对枳壳生产各环节建立统一的标准,构建枳壳质量的全过程控制系统。

Objective To investigate the current situation of production of varieties,cultivation,producing area,harvesting,preliminary processing,storage,deterioration,and processing of Aurantii fructus,and analyze the existing problems in the standardized production of Aurantii fructus.Methods The current situation and problems of production of Aurantii fructus were investigated in 2 areas(Poyang County of Jiangxi Province and Jiangjin District of Chongqing),3 medicinal material markets(Anguo of Hebei Province,Guangzhou of Guangdong Province,and Zhangshu of Jiangxi Province),and some farmers were visited,and various situations were summarized.The problems affecting the quality of Aurantii fructus were determined.Results There were many varieties of Aurantii fructus in different areas.The cultivating methods and harvesting time varied in different regions.Some standards need to be established for the harvesting,preliminary processing,and storage in the producing areas.The scientific technologies need to be applied in preventing the deterioration such as infesting,discoloration,and mildewing.Conclusion It is necessary to establish a standard in each production procedure and build a control system to ensure the quality of Aurantii fructus.