工作环境对交通警察呼吸系统的影响

The effect of working environment on the respiratory system of traffic policemen

目的分析工作环境危害对交通警察呼吸系统的影响,探讨其防护对策。方法采用整群抽样法抽取交通警察212名进行调查,统计呼吸系统不适症状,测定基础肺通气功能指标[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1.0)、FVC曲线中段1/2平均用力呼气流速(FEF25~75)、呼气峰值流速(PEF)]。结果212名交警中,外勤交警158名(外勤组)和内勤交警54名(内勤组)。外勤组的呼吸系统症状发生率均高于内勤组(P<0.05),以咽喉不适、咳嗽、咳痰、鼻干燥症状最为多见。外勤组的呼吸系统健康状况测评量表(CATSHAS)各维度评分及总分均低于内勤组。FVC、FEV1.0、FEF25~75、PEF占预计值的百分比均低于内勤组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。外勤组的肺通气功能障碍发生率为41.8%,高于内勤组的11.1%(P<0.05),通气障碍类型以限制型和阻塞型居多。结论工作环境污染严重危害交警的呼吸系统健康,加强健康指导及防护干预非常必要。

Objective To analyse influence of environmental hazards to the respiratory system of traffic policemen,and explore its protective countermeasures.Methods A total of 212 traffic policemen were selected by cluster sampling method for the investigation,the symptoms of respiratory system were collected,and the indicators of basic pulmonary ventilation function such asforced vital capacity(FVC),forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV1.0),average forced expiratory velocity(FEF25~75)in the middle half of FVC curve,and peak expiratory velocity(PEF)were determined.Results Among the 212 traffic policemen,158 were in field traffic police position(field group)and 54 were in back office traffic police position(back office group).The prevlence of respiratory symptoms in the field group was higher than that in the back office group(P<0.05).The scores and total scores of the respiratory health assessment scale(CATSHAS)in the field group were lower than those in the back office group.The percentages of FVC,FEV1.0,FEF25~75,and PEF in the predicted value were all lower than those in the back office group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The prevalence of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in the field group was 41.8%,which was higher than that in the back office group(11.1%)(P<0.05).Conclusions The working environment pollution seriously endangers the respiratory system health of traffic policemen.