文化原乡与传统民居的保护传承——基于福建蔡氏传统民居的考察

PROTECTION AND INHERITANCE OF CULTURAL ORIGIN AND TRADITIONAL DWELLINGS:Based on The Investigation of Chua Ancient Dwellings in Fujian

传统民居是文化之根、乡愁之源,与在地文化具有不可分割的联系,有自己的文化原乡。传统民居的文化原乡也体现营造民居的“初心”,具有三层文化形态:原乡的生态环境、原乡的生活空间、原乡的价值体系。作为宗族观念、家园意识的载体,蔡氏传统民居因地制宜、因材施用保持原乡生态环境;其空间结构方式蕴含特定生活文化内涵,而特定的生活方式又反过来塑造着原乡生活空间;蔡氏传统民居修饰与审美体现闽南文化与华侨文化精髓的原乡价值体系。传统民居的保护传承需要守住“初心”,回归民居文化的原乡,深入汲取在地文化真正的滋养,把握经年累月的气质积淀。通过改善生态环境,恢复生活空间,重塑价值体系,从而提升民居内涵,传承地域文化,维系原乡情结,增强家园认同。

Traditional dwellings are the root of culture and the source of homesickness.They have an inseparable relationship with local culture and have their own cultural origin.The cultural origin of traditional dwellings also embodies the"initial intention"of building dwellings with three cultural forms:the ecological environment of the origin,the living space of the origin,and the value system of the origin.As the carrier of the concept of clan and homeland,the Chua ancient dwellings are adapted to local conditions and materials to maintain the original ecological environment.Their spatial structure contains specific life and cultural connotations,and the specific lifestyle in turn shapes the original living space.The Chua's traditional decoration and aesthetics of the folk house embody the original value system of the essence of southern Fujian culture and overseas Chinese culture.The protection and inheritance of traditional dwellings requires keeping the"initial intention",returning to the original hometown of dwelling culture,deeply absorbing the true nourishment of local culture,and grasping the accumulation of temperament over the years.By improving the ecological environment,restoring living space,and reshaping the value system,the contents of residential houses is improved,the local culture is inherited,the original rural complex is maintained,and the identity of the homeland is enhanced.