广西南宁市壮族居民饮食习惯与2型糖尿病患病风险的研究

Study on the dietary habits and the risk of type 2 diabetes among ZhuangZúresidents in Nanning City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

目的探讨广西壮族自治区南宁市壮族居民饮食习惯与2型糖尿病(T2DM)患病率的关系,为降低壮族人群T2DM患病风险提供科学依据。方法于2017年1—3月采用整群抽样法选取广西壮族自治区南宁市城市壮族居民900名和4个村屯农村壮族居民900名,进行问卷调查。采用二分类logistic回归模型分析T2DM与饮茶种类、饮茶频率、烹调方式、饮食口味等关系。结果单因素分析结果显示,两组人群性别、年龄、吸烟、喝酒、糖尿病家族史方面比较,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组人群饮食规律、饮食口味、烹调方式、饮茶种类、饮茶频率、摄入油炸食品频率比较,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、饮茶频率高是壮族人群糖尿病患病的保护因素(OR<1,P<0.05);年龄、糖尿病家族史、饮食不规律、偏咸、烧煮是壮族人群糖尿病患病的危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05)。结论饮食口味、饮食规律、饮茶种类、饮茶频率、烹调方式等饮食行为可能是壮族人群T2DM患病的影响因素,应该对壮族T2DM患者进行饮食健康教育和生活指导。

Objective To explore the relationship between the dietary habits of ZhuangZúresidents in Nanning City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes(T2DM),and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the risk of T2DM in the ZhuangZú.Methods From January to March 2017,a cluster sampling method was used to select 900 urban ZhuangZúresidents and 900 rural ZhuangZúresidents in Nanning City,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region for questionnaire surveys.A two-class logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between T2DM and tea types,tea drinking frequency,cooking methods,and diet tastes.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that there were highly statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender,age,smoking,drinking,and family history(P<0.01).There were highly statistically significant difference in dietary rules,tastes,cooking methods,types of tea,frequency of drinking tea,and frequency of intake of fried food between the two groups(P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that females and high frequency of tea drinking were protective factors for diabetes in ZhuangZú(OR<1,P<0.05);age,family history,irregular diet,saltiness,and cooking were the ZhuangZúrisk factors for diabetes(OR>1,P<0.05).Conclusion Eating behaviors such as eating taste,eating regularity,tea drinking type,tea drinking frequency,cooking style may be the influencing factors of T2DM in ZhuangZú,and dietary health education and life guidance should be given to T2DM patients in ZhuangZú.