出院脑卒中患者的健康行为水平现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of health behaviors and influencing factors in stroke survivors after discharge

目的探讨出院满1年脑卒中患者的健康行为水平现状,分析其影响因素。方法采用自行设计的一般资料问卷和脑卒中患者健康行为量表,对2019年8—12月在广东省深圳市第二人民医院脑卒中护理门诊就诊的106例出院满1年的脑卒中患者进行问卷调查。结果出院1年后脑卒中患者的总体健康行为处于中等偏上水平。单因素分析中,不同性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、月收入和合并慢性病种类脑卒中患者健康行为评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别、文化程度、婚姻状况是健康行为的影响因素(P<0.05),能解释健康行为水平变异量的30.8%。结论出院后1年的脑卒中患者的健康行为水平整体较高,但运动和责任方面有待提高;在健康教育时,应对男性、文化程度水平低以及离异或丧偶人群着重关注,帮助建立坚持健康行为,减少疾病的再复发,提高生活质量。

Objective To explore the current status of health behaviors of stroke patients after discharge for one year,and to analyze the influencing factors.Methods A self-designed general information questionnaire and a stroke patient health behavior scale were used to conduct a questionnaire on a total of 106 stroke patients who were discharged from the hospital for more than one year in the stroke nursing clinic of the Second People′s Hospital of Shenzhen in Guangdong Province from August to December 2019.Results One year after discharge from the hospital,the overall health behaviors of stroke patients were at an upper-moderate level.In univariate analysis,the differences in health behavior scores of stroke patients with different gender,education level,marital status,monthly income,and types of combined chronic diseases were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender,education level,and marital status were the influencing factors of healthy behavior(P<0.05),which could explain 30.8%of the variance of healthy behavior.Conclusion The overall level of healthy behaviors of stroke patients one year after discharge from the hospital is relatively high,but exercise and responsibility need to be improved.In health education,we should be paid attention to men,people with low education levels,and divorced or widowed people,to help establish healthy behaviors,to reduce recurrence of diseases,and to improve the quality of life.