民法典时代环境权的解释路径——兼论绿色原则的民法功能

Interpretation Path of Environmental Rights in the Age of Civil Code:Also on the Function of Green Principle in Civil Law

环境权民法表达的实质是以"权利"话语构造环境利益的民法保护模式,希冀借助"救济型"治理模式所衍生的"私人执法"填补"惩罚型"公权管制的结构性缺陷。民法典没有采纳"设权式"的路径增纳环境权条款,但基于民法典具有滋生权利的开放式构造,仍需在解释论层面进一步释明环境权在民法典中的生成路径和存在样态。环境利益的公共性品格从根本上排斥了将其直接权利化的可能,个体环境利益诉求无法独立于既定利益类型和序列,而仅能通过"赋能式"的扩张解释路径对法典内民事权利进行绿化解释进而获得适用空间。此外,伴随民法典治理效能的增扩及绿色原则的确立,环境公共利益的民法保护意味着已实现了环境权民法表达的初衷。

The essence of the expression of environmental rights in civil law is to construct a civil law protection mode of environmental interests with"right"discourse,hoping to fill the structural defects of"punitive"public power control with"private law enforcement"derived from"recovery"governance mode.Although the Civil Code does not adopt the path of"the establishment of rights"to add environmental rights clauses,based on the open structure of the Civil Code to breed rights,it is still necessary to further clarify the generated path of environmental rights in the Civil Code and its existing patterns at the interpretive level.The public character of environmental interests fundamentally excludes the possibility of directly making them rights.Individual demands for environmental interests cannot be independent from the established types and sequences of interests.Instead,they can only carry out green interpretation of civil rights in the Code through an"enabling"expansion interpretation path,thus obtaining applicable space.In addition,with the expansion of the governance efficiency of the Civil Code and the establishment of the green principle,the civil law protection of environmental public interests means that the original intention of the civil law expression of environmental rights has been realized.