基于“问题-主体-机制”框架的国外技术移民制度比较研究

Comparative Study on Foreign Skilled Migration System based on“Problem-Subject-Mechanism”Framework

美国、澳大利亚、新加坡作为拥有较成熟技术移民制度的代表性国家,均不同程度地采取了配额制、移民担保制、积分评估制、劳动力市场测试制这些典型的技术移民制度,这些制度的采用对其维护国家安全、促进科技创新发展产生了积极影响。现阶段,我国在人才引进方面,存在着市场需求与政府引才之间信息不畅通,人才保障机制不健全,外国人就业、签证、居留等手续办理复杂等问题。制定中国特色的技术移民制度需要遵循“以我为主、按需引进、突出重点、讲求实效”的移民总方针,制定“按需引才,平衡市场”的制度策略,采取“保质纳才,开放渠道”的引才模式,实行雇主担保制与独立技术移民制并举的技术移民制度,通过劳动力市场测试制度避免劳动力市场的过度竞争,以积分评估解决永久居留问题。

The United States,Australia and Singapore,as representative countries with mature skilled migration systems,have adopted typical skilled migration systems such as quota system,migration guarantee system,accumulative point evaluation system and labor market test system to different extents.The adoption of these systems has a positive influence on maintaining national security and promoting scientific and technological innovation and development.At present,there are some problems in talent introduction in China.For example,the information between market demand and government's talent introduction is not smooth,the talent guarantee mechanism is not perfect,and the procedures of foreigner employment,visa and residence are complicated.In order to formulate a skilled migration system with Chinese characteristics,we need to follow the general migration policy of"taking myself as the center,introducing the talents on demand,highlighting the key points and stressing the actual results",formulate the system strategy of"introducing the talents on demand and balancing the market",adopt the talent introduction mode of"recruiting the talents with high quality,opening the channels",and implement the skilled migration system combining the employer guarantee system and the independent skilled migration system,avoid the competition in the labor market through the labor market test system,and solve the problem related to permanent residence through accumulative point evaluation.