论恩格斯对历史虚无主义的鉴别及其当代启示

On Frederick Engels’Identification of Historical Nihilism and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

19世纪70年代,欧根·杜林声称要对哲学、政治经济学、社会主义理论三个方面进行系统“改革”,并出版系列著作系统攻击马克思主义。杜林从虚无主义立场出发,分别对德国古典哲学家、近代西欧空想社会主义者以及国际共产主义领袖马克思的思想和学说进行批判。恩格斯对其进行了批判,认为杜林历史虚无主义的“根源”是“照搬纯系老黑格尔的‘序列’”,“逻辑”是形而上学的思维方式,“本质”是唯心主义的认识立场。抵制历史虚无主义应坚持马克思主义的根本指导,澄清科学的理论认知;坚持马克思主义辩证法思想,掌握辩证的思维方法;始终坚持实事求是,明确历史唯物主义的认识立场。新时代,重温恩格斯批判历史虚无主义思想,对于辨识和克服历史虚无主义有重要启示意义。

Eugen Dühring claimed in the 1870s to carry out systematic“reform”on philosophy,political economy and socialist theory and published a series of works to systematically attack on Marxism.From the nihilistic perspective,Eugen Dühring criticized the thoughts and theories of German classical philosophers,utopian socialists in modern Western Europe,and Carl Marx,the leader of international communism.Frederick Engels criticized Eugen Dühring and held that Dühring’s historical nihilism was rooted in copying directly from the“sequence”of Friedrich Hegel and it was logically a metaphysical way of thinking and essentially an idealistic view.To resist historical nihilism,we need to adhere to the fundamental guidance of Marxism and clarify scientific theoretical cognition;we should adhere to the Marxist dialectics thought and grasp dialectical thinking methods;we should also always adhere to seeking truth from facts and the stick to the standpoint of historical materialism.It is of great significance to identify and overcome historical nihilism in the new era by reviewing Frederick Engels’critical thought of historical nihilism.