“限塑令”执行因何遭遇阻滞?——基于修正后“模糊—冲突”框架的分析

Analysis on Implementation of Plastic Limit Orders Under the Revised Ambiguity-Conflict Model

“限塑令”历经长达十多年的执行期,政策效力减退趋势明显。以修正后的“模糊—冲突”框架为基础,构建政策属性分析维度,以中央政府以及省、市、县等三级地方政府颁布的相关政策为样本进行内容分析。研究发现:当政策经由中央政府传递至省、市级政府时,政策模糊性上升、冲突性下降,执行模式趋向试验性执行;当政策传递至县级政府时,政策模糊性下降、冲突性上升,执行模式趋向政治执行。政策模糊性变化所造成的信息交流阻滞、公众参与不足、基层简化治理,政策冲突性变化所带来的以政府管制为主的政策手段、倒错的激励结构以及下沉的执行压力,均体现了以压力型体制为制度基础的集权式执行方式,“限塑令”执行阻滞机理深刻嵌入在环境威权主义治理的政治逻辑与内在张力之中,帮助“限塑令”走出阻滞泥潭需要矫正各级政府的认知与行为。

After more than ten years of the implementation of“Plastic Limit Orders”,the effectiveness of the policy decreased significantly.Based on the revised“ambiguity-conflict”model,we refine the dimension of policy properties and do content analysis taking relevant policies promulgated by the central government and local governments at the provincial,city and county levels.It is found that when the policy is transmitted to the provincial and municipal government from the central government,the ambiguity rises while the conflict declines,and the execution mode tends to be experimental.When the policy is transmitted to the county government,the ambiguity declines while the conflict rises,and the execution mode tends to be political.The obstacles to information exchange,the lack of public participation and rough governance of grass-roots governments caused by policy ambiguity variations as well as government regulation-led policy,improper structure of encouragement and sinking implementation pressure caused by policy conflict variation all reflect centralized execution mode based on the pressure-type system.The implementation of“Plastic Limit Orders”is deeply embedded in the logic of environmental authoritarian governance which shows the paradox between policy output and policy outcome.In order to help the policy out of obstructions,it is necessary to correct the cognition and behavior of governments at all levels.