身体的“空场”——牟宗三“存有论之谜”中身体的“不现”与“能现”

The Absence of the Body——Non-appearing and Being Capable of Appearing within Mou Zongsan s Ontological Puzzle

身体之“无”是牟宗三以“存有论”为机枢而多面展开的复杂思想体系出场的耗费与代价,也是我们重新解读牟宗三存有论之谜的潜隐线索。厘清“存在”与“存有”的关系构成了解谜的准备工作,以此出发,可以将牟宗三的存有论困难表述为:由“存在”朝向“存有”的断裂式“逆觉体证”运动并不构成与心体向下之直贯相对应的上升之路。这即意味着牟宗三的存有论并不涵着一个其所允诺的上升与下降互逆循环的“圆”,如此,心体性体之“一本义”不能如实圆成,而其“德福一致”之圆亦终为半论。然而,牟宗三心体“呈现”之中的裂隙恰恰规定着“心体”向“身体”的“折返”,身体以其触与被触、看与被看、能感与被感的混然性昭示了心体所要求的真正存有论意义上的“圆”,即以身体呈现义为根枢所表明的心与物、人与世界之间互逆循环的一体关系。在以身体为呈现焦点的存在论中,牟氏理论中身体的“空场”不再是“无”,而是一个相对于直接显现的“不现”,这一“不现”也即存在论意义上的“能现”,即,使“心体”之显现成为“现前”的“不现”之整体;由此,亦可以说,“身体”乃是“心体”这一“现前”所允诺的其他面相和可能,两者在分解意义上的回环交织能够为我们开显出具有更加丰富宽广内涵的中国世代文化。

It is at the cost of body that Mou Zongsan has established his ontology.Mou s ignorance of body,meanwhile,is a hidden clue for us to re-interpret the mystery of his ontology.Clarifying the relationship between“existence”(存在)and“being”(存有)constitutes the preparatory work for puzzle solving.Starting from this,the difficulty of Mou Zongsan s ontology can be expressed as:the fractured upward movement of NiJueTiZheng(逆觉体证)from existence to Being does not constitute a continuous straight upward path corresponding to the downward course of Xinti.That is to say,his theory of ontology does not contain a circle initially required and promised by the consistence of virtue and fortune,of XinTi(心体)and XingTi(性体).However,the fracture within the appearing meaning of Xinti precisely stipulates the“return”of the Xinti to Shenti(身体).Given the reciprocal ambiguity of touching and being touched,seeing and being seen,feeling and being felt,in the true ontological sense Shenti reveals the complete circle required by the Xinti,that is,the cyclical unity relationship between the Xin(心)and the Wu(物),and the human and the world.With such bodily-ontology,the vacancy of the body in Mou s theory is no longer a radical nothingness,but an“ab-sence”,a non-appearing relative to the direct manifestation.This“non-appearing”is also the capability of appearing in the ontological sense,that is,the capability of making the appearing of Xinti as presence here and now.So,we can say,the body is a more profound dimension referred by the presence of Xinti,might appear thematically as a profile and could merge with Mou s profile into the one unity.