论宋代铜器铸造制度

On the Bronze Casting System in the Song Dynasty

宋代商品经济发达,铜钱需求量大。为此,除了王安石变法期间外,宋廷一直禁止销钱铸器及买卖,并收缴民间铜器。同时,为了满足现实需要,京师与地方、寺观与民间,又要铸造铜器。其中京师的铸器机构包括后苑造作所、铸[钅写]务、文思院、军器监等,主要生产青铜礼器、兵器等。地方官府,主要铸造官用之物及用于出售的铜镜等。寺观所用的钟、铙等法器,包括向官府购买与自铸两种。民间所铸,主要是铜镜。宋廷对于官方与私人铸造铜器,在原料供应、样式、质量、价格等环节,均予以监管,包括现场监视、器物刻名、开具凭据、造册登记等。当然,受利益驱动,民间仍屡有冒犯铜禁私铸铜器者。

commodity economy was booming in the Song Dynasty and copper coins were in great demand.To this end,with the exception of the period of Wang Anshi s reform,money-making vessels and their the sale had been always prohibited,and the collected folk bronze.At the same time,in order to meet the needs,the capital and local,temple and folk,also cast bronze.Among them,the casting apparatus of the capital division included Houyuan workshop,casting service,Wensiyuan,military monitor and so on,mainly producing bronze gifts,weapons and so on.Local government office,mainly casting official things and for sale of bronze mirrors.The clocks,cymbals and so on,used by the temple,came from the government and self-cast.Folk casting,mainly Bronze Mirror.The government of Song Dynasty supervised the supply,style,quality and price of official and private casting bronzes,including on-site monitoring,carving names,issuing certificates and making registers.Of course,driven by the interests of the people have repeatedly offended the copper ban,privately minting bronzes.