“转变论”和文学实践的主体性——胡风及其同人对有关鲁迅思想的认知

“Transformation Theory”and the Subjectivity of Literary Practice——Hu Feng and His Colleagues Understanding of Lu Xun s Thoughts

鲁迅有否在1920年代末经历一番彻底的思想转变,这在左翼文化界是存在争议的。在左翼内部,最先对鲁迅思想前后“转变”的说法予以明确抗议和声辩的是王任叔,其次是雪苇等人,而他们在鲁迅“转变”问题上的观点是不同程度地通向胡风的。胡风对于鲁迅“转变”问题的重新认识也是始于鲁迅逝世前后,经历了一个过程。胡风担心“转变论”说法会削平乃至抹去鲁迅思想中的一些根本性东西,而这也正是胡风文艺思想和文化观念赖以存在的要害所在。胡风以为,鲁迅早期形成并跟历史要求相一致的战斗人格在其后期不仅没有削弱,反而加强了,所以鲁迅也就不存在前后期的转变问题,鲁迅是带着自己的思想方式与人格力量开始他的文学、思想启蒙和批判工作的,并一以贯之。胡风在鲁迅思想“转变”问题的认知上也存在一定矛盾性。

Whether Lu Xun experienced a radical ideological change in the late 1920s is controversial in the left-wing cultural circles.Within the left wing,the first to clearly protest and argue against Lu Xun s thoughts about“transformation”was Wang Renshu,followed by Xue Wei and others.Their views on Lu Xun s“transformation”issue led to Hu Feng to varying degrees.of.Hu Feng is worried that the“conversion theory”will flatten and even erase some fundamental things in Lu Xun s thoughts,and this is the key to the existence of Hu Feng s literary and cultural ideas.Hu Feng believes that the fighting personality formed in Lu Xun s early stage and consistent with historical requirements not only did not weaken,but strengthened in his later period.Therefore,Lu Xun did not have the problem of early and late transformation.Lu Xun started with his own way of thinking and personality power.His literature,ideological enlightenment,and critical work are consistent.There is also a certain contradiction in Hu Feng s cognition of the“transformation”of Lu Xun s thought.