加计扣除、国家审计与创新效率

Deduction Policy,Government Audit and Innovation Efficiency

加计扣除政策是政府为了弥补研发投资市场失灵实行的一种税收优惠政策。本文以2013〜2017年为研究期间,在加计扣除政策能够促进创新投入增加这一结论的基础上,检验该政策是否也能促进创新效率的提高。结果发现,实施加计扣除政策会引起企业创新效率下降,即可能引发企业策略性创新投入问题,但国家审计可以有效遏制这一现象。通过安慰剂检验、PSM-DID.反向因果检验及加计扣除优惠强度回归进行稳健性检验,结论依然成立。进一步探寻其原因,发现加计扣除政策会引起企业研发费用归类操控增加,造成创新投入虚增,导致创新效率下降,但通过开展审计监督,扩大审计对象广度、提高审计目标深度和加强审计监督力度,能够有效抑制这一现象。

The deduction policy is a kind of preferential tax policy implemented by the government to make up for the market failure of R&D investment.Taking 2013-2017 as the research period,on the basis of the conclusion that R&D deduction policy can promote the increase of innovation input,the paper tests whether the policy can also improve innovation efficiency.The results show that R&D deduction policy will lead to the decline of innovation efficiency,which may lead to the problem of strategic innovation investment,but government auditing can effectively curb this phenomenon.The results of the robustness test by placebo test,PSM-DID test,reverse causality test and deduction preferential intensity regression are still valid.By further exploring the reasons,it is found that the deduction policy will cause the increase of R&D spending classification and manipulation.However,by performing government audit,stepping up its coverage,objectives and efforts,this phenomenon can be effectively inhibited.