妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇自我管理行为聚类分析及影响因素研究

Self-management types and influencing factors of women with hypertension during pregnancy:A cluster analysis

目的以影响妊娠期高血压疾病(HDP)孕妇自我管理行为的自我管理能力和自我效能为基础,探讨HDP孕妇自我管理类型及影响因素。方法采用方便抽样,选取180例HDP孕妇为研究对象,采用高血压自我管理量表、自我效能量表(GESE)进行调查。通过多元逐步回归分析进行分类,比较不同类型孕妇特点和影响因素。结果有效调查175例HDP孕妇,其自我管理能力可分为良好、中等、偏低三类。三类孕妇在文化程度、经济收入、疾病知识、自我效能方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析显示文化程度、自我效能是影响自我管理的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论医护人员应根据HDP孕妇不同类型给予个体化干预,有效提高孕妇的自我管理能力。文化程度、自我效能是影响HDP孕妇自我管理的主要因素。

Objective To explore the potential types and its influencing factors of women with hypertension during pregnancy(HDP)based on their self-management ability and self-efficacy.Methods The convenience sampling method was used to select 180 women with HDP who meet the requirements of the research.The Hypertension Self-management Behavior Scale,General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES)were used to assess the subjects,and multiple stepwise regression analysis was used to identify types of women with HDP.A comparison of general information and influencing factors across different types of women with HDP was made.Results A total of 175 valid surveys were collected.Totally 175 cases of pregnant women with GH can be characterized into 3 types:HDP women with high,medium and low level of self-management ability.There were statistical differences in education level,family income,gestational hypertension knowledge,self-efficacy across the 3 types of women with HDP(P<0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that education level and self-efficacy were important factors affecting self-management behavior of women with HDP.Conclusion Health professionals should give individualized care according to different types of women with HDP,which can effectively improve the self-management ability of pregnant women.The education level and self-efficacy were important factors affecting self-management behavior of women with HDP.