世界玉米主产国家和地区玉米补贴政策支持水平与结构特征

Support level and structural characteristics of maize subsidy policy in world's major maize producing countries and region

在对美国、欧盟、巴西和中国玉米补贴政策发展历程梳理的基础上,利用经济合作与发展组织(OECD)政策评估体系对比分析了1995—2018年上述国家和地区的玉米补贴政策支持水平与结构变化。在玉米补贴政策支持水平方面,近年来,欧盟对玉米的政策支持水平最低,巴西、美国次之,而中国对玉米的政策支持水平相对较高。建议中国统筹补贴资金,适当调整对玉米的补贴额,积极引导农户逐步推进种植结构调整。在玉米补贴政策支持结构方面,美国、欧盟对玉米的政策支持以与产量挂钩的基于现期耕种面积的支持为主,巴西以市场价格支持为主,中国受玉米关税配额管理等边境贸易保护措施影响,对玉米的政策支持仍以市场价格支持为主,会对市场造成一定的扭曲。中国应继续稳妥推进玉米收储制度改革,使玉米价格由市场形成,逐步提高中国玉米的国际竞争力。

Based on a review of the development of maize subsidy policy in the United States(US),the European Union(EU),Brazil and China,the policy evaluation system of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)was used to compare and analyze the support level and structural changes of maize subsidy policies in the above countries and region from 1995 to 2018.In terms of support level of maize subsidy policy,the EU has the lowest level,and is followed by Brazil and the US.While China's policy support level for maize is relatively high.China should coordinate subsidy funds,appropriately adjust the amount of subsidies for maize,and actively guide farmers to gradually adjust the planting structure.In terms of support structure for maize subsidy policy,the policy support in the US and EU for maize is mainly payments based on current area(PC),and it is mainly market price support(MPS)in Brazil.As affected by border trade protection measures,such as maize tariff quota management,policy support for maize in China is still dominated by MPS,which has caused some distortions in the market.China should continue to push forward the reform of the maize storage system to make the maize price formed by the market,and gradually increase the international competitiveness of China's maize.