化学药剂防控厚皮甜瓜细菌性果斑病的研究与应用

Study and application of chemical agents in prevention and control of bacteria fruit blotch disease in muskmelon

为了筛选防控果斑病的高效化学药剂,实现农药减施增效,通过田间试验研究了硫噻等药剂防控果斑病的效果。结果表明,只用硫噻200倍液进行种子消毒处理整枝打杈前、整枝打杈后的防效分别为74.7%和43.4%;硫噻种子消毒和田间硫噻喷雾(1000倍液)处理的整枝打杈前、整枝打杈后的防效分别为94.9%和92.0%,硫噻种子消毒和田间氧化亚铜喷雾处理的整枝打杈前、整枝打杈后的防效分别为94.9%和82.8%,两种处理病瓜率分别为1.9%、2.5%,没有显著性差异,但在其他地点试验中,厚皮甜瓜苗期喷施硫噻1000倍液,出现不同程度的药害,因此生产中优先推荐硫噻种子消毒和商品化的氧化亚铜喷雾防控果斑病。田间示范结果表明,种子消毒能够减少农药使用量,示范区比对照区全程减药48.7%,病瓜率减少34.4%,每667 m^2增加经济收益1806元。

In order to screen out effective chemicals for preventing and controlling fruit blotch disease,reduce pesticide application and increase pesticide efficacy,field experiments were carried out to study effects of chemical agents including thiazole.The results showed that the control efficacy was 74.7%and 43.4%before and after pruning when seeds were disinfected with thiazole 200 times solution;the control efficacy was 94.9%and 92.0%before and after pruning when seeds were disinfected with thiazole 200 times solution and spray thiazole 1000 times solution in fields;the control efficacy was 94.9%and 82.8%before and after pruning fork when seeds were disinfected with thiazole 200 times solution and spray cuprous oxide solution in fields.The diseased fruit rates were 1.9%and 2.5%of the two treatments above with no significant differences.Therefore,seed disinfection and commercial cuprous oxide spraying treatment is recommended to prevent and control fruit blotch disease.The field demonstrations have shown that seed disinfection can reduce the use of pesticides.Compared with the control,the use of pesticides and the rate of diseased fruit were reduced by 48.7%and34.4%,and 1806 yuan per 667 m^2 of economic benefit was increased.