关于汉语成句成分句法起始位置的思考

A Discussion on the Syntactic Starting Position of Sentence-Formation Elements in Chinese

汉语作为一种缺乏形态变化的语言,需要额外的成分(显性或隐性)补足后才可以成句。这些额外的成分主要表现为副词很,语气助词了等。从句法的角度来看,这些额外的成分主要分布在TP、CP等功能性投射层。首先归纳了汉语中的句法性成句成分,并对其进行分类。根据成句成分的句法语类及其所处句法节点的层级排序,确定成句成分的句法起始节点。研究发现,汉语中的成句成分起始于IP之内的副词性功能投射。更准确地说,是起始于表示频率的副词短语投射。

Chinese,as a language lacking of morphological change,requires additional element(overt or covert)to generate sentences.These additional elements include adverb hen(很),force particle le(了)and so on.From a syntactic perspective,these elements locate in the functional layers,for instance,TP and CP.This paper first collects the syntactic sentence-formation elements in Chinese and classifies them.Their syntactic starting position is confirmed by considering their syntactic categories and syntactic hierarchies.The result shows that the syntactic position of sentence-formation elements are first attested in adverb projections in IP,more precisely,under the node of AdvP indicating frequentative.