双锥形构件旋压成形对组织与性能的影响

Influence of spinning on microstructure and properties for double conical components

为了实现铝合金双锥形构件成形,提出采用多道次旋压和冲旋成形两种方法,并研究了两种方法对旋压件厚度及贴模间隙的影响规律,以及对不同部位的组织与性能的影响规律。结果表明:多道次旋压后的零件壁厚不均匀,且贴模间隙达到1 mm左右;冲旋成形后零件的壁厚均匀,且贴模间隙较小,仅为0.2 mm以下。经两种旋压方式成形后的试验件侧壁的抗拉强度为162~171 MPa,比原材料强度提高了27%~34%;口部的抗拉强度为133~149 MPa,比原材料强度提高了4.7%~17%。旋压后的组织分布不均匀,并且显微组织沿构件轴向和切向均发生了伸长。旋压之后,断口中韧窝的数量在不断减少,准解理平面不断增多,而且减薄率越大这种现象越明显。

In order to form aluminum alloy double conical components,two methods of multi-pass spinning and stamping and spinning were adopted.The influence laws of two methods on the thickness and the gap between part and die of spinning part,and on the microstructure and properties in different positions were studied.The results show that the wall thickness of parts is uneven and the gap between part and die is about 1 mm after multi-pass spinning,and the wall thickness is even and the gap between part and die is less than 0.2 mm after punching and spinning.However,the tensile strength of the side wall for the test piece formed by two spinning methods is 162-171 MPa,which is 27%-34%higher than that of the raw material,and the tensile strength of mouth part is 133-149 MPa,which is 4.7%-17%higher than that of the raw material.Furthermore,after spinning,the microstructure distribution is uneven,and the microstructure is extended along the axial and tangential directions of component.Thus,after spinning,the number of dimples in the fracture is constantly decreasing,the quasi-cleavage plane is constantly increasing,and the greater the thinning rate is,the more obvious this phenomenon is.