外泌体在炎症性肠病中的研究进展

Research progress of exosomes in inflammatory bowel disease

炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是一种慢性、反复发作性肠道炎症,其发病机制尚不明确。外泌体是由多种细胞类型分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡,广泛分布于各种生物液体中。它们含有多种生物活性分子,通过全身循环将其转移到邻近或远端细胞,参与细胞内和细胞间的通讯。研究发现,外泌体通过免疫调节等方式影响炎症性肠病的发生发展,但外泌体在IBD中的作用需要进一步阐述。本文综述外泌体在IBD发病机制、诊断、治疗中的研究进展,为探索IBD新的诊疗方法提供思路。

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),with unclear pathogenesis,is a kind of chronic and recurrent intestinal inflammation.Exosomes,widely spread in various biofluids,are the nanosized extracellular vesicles secreted by different types of cells and contain diverse bioactive molecules,transfer to adjacent or distal cells via body circulation and participate in the intracellular and intercellular communication. Studies have found that exosomes influence the occurrence and development of IBD through immune regulation and other ways,but the role of exosomes in IBD should be further elaborated. This article reviewed the research progress of exosomes in the pathogenesis,diagnosis and treatment of IBD,and provides ideas for exploring new diagnosis and treatment methods of IBD.