央行数字货币的特点、影响及面临的挑战

Characteristics,Influences and Challenges of Central Bank Digital Currency

2020年4月,中国人民银行开始试点中央银行数字货币,标志着我国在央行数字货币领域迈出了第一步。跟现有货币相比,央行数字货币具有匿名性、可追踪、全天候交易、可给付利率等特点。不同国家的央行在推出央行数字货币时,会基于安全支付、无现金支付、普惠金融等因素采取不同的方案。无论采用哪种方案,大规模发行央行数字货币必将会对现有金融体系尤其是商业银行造成影响和冲击。然而,央行数字货币将是未来货币演变过程中的一个必经阶段,需要决策者和学界对此做进一步深入研究,货币当局也需要在发行央行数字货币的风险和收益间进行权衡。

In April 2020,the People's Bank of China began to pilot the central bank digital currency,marking the first step in the field of central bank digital currency in China.Compared with the existing currency,the digital currency of the central bank has the characteristics of anonymity,traceability,all-weather trading and interest rate.When the central banks of different countries launch the central bank digital currency,they will adopt different schemes based on the factors of safe payment,cashless payment and inclusive finance.No matter which scheme is adopted,the large-scale issuance of central bank digital currency will have an impact on the existing financial system,especially commercial banks.However,the central bank digital currency will be a necessary stage in the future currency evolution process,which needs further in-depth study by policy makers and academic circles.Monetary authorities also need to weigh the risks and benefits of issuing central bank digital currency.