盐城市2018至2019年冬春季流感流行特征及血常规分析

目的分析盐城市2018-2019年流行性感冒流行特征和流感患者血常规变化.方法采用荧光PCR法对2684例疑似流感患者的咽拭子标本进行流感分型定性检测,使用全自动血细胞分析仪检测血常规.结果2684例疑似流感患者中,流感病毒阳性511例,阳性率19.0%,其中甲型流感352例,乙型流感159例.12月至4月冬春季节是本地区流感高发时段,2018年冬春季甲、乙型流感发病时段相同,甲型流感阳性率略高于乙型流感;2019年冬春季早期流感以甲型流感为主,后期以乙型流感为主,甲型流感阳性率高于乙型流感.各年龄组中,≥66岁组患者甲型流感阳性率最高(19.0%),4~6岁组患者乙型流感阳性率最高(9.7%).甲型流感患者中,男性患者≥66岁阳性率最高(13.4%),女性患者19~65岁阳性率最高(7.2%).乙型流感患者中,男性患者4~6岁阳性率最高(5.3%),女性患者各年龄组间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=10.371,P=0.110).乙型流感较甲型流感白细胞降低更显著(χ2=7.001,P=0.011),甲型流感较乙型流感淋巴细胞降低更显著(χ2=9.229,P=0.003),多数流感患者(63.4%)血常规白细胞正常.结论流感流行具有季节性、周期性的特点;流感高发季节,流感样症状结合血常规白细胞正常,应高度怀疑流感,及早抗流感治疗.

Objective To analyze the infuenza epidemic charcteristics and blood routine changes of influenza patients in Yancheng City from 2018 to 2019.Methods The pharyngeal swabs of 2684 suspected infuenza1 patients were detected by fuorescence PCR,and the blood routine was detected by automatic hematology analyzer.Results Among 2684 suspected influenza patients,511 were positive for infuenza virus,with a positive rate of 19.0%,including 352 for influenza A and 159 for influenza B.The winter and spring se ason from December to April was the period of high incidence of infuenza in the region.The period of onset of infuenza A and infuenza B was the same in winter and spring 2018,and the positive rate of infuenza A was slightly higher than that of infuenz B;infuenza A was the main infuenza in the early winter and spring 2019,and infuenza B was the main infuenza in the later period,and the positive rate of influenza A was significantly higher than that of infuenza B.Among all age groups,the positive rate of infuenza A was the highest(19.0%)in patients over 66 years old and the highest(9.7%)in patients berween 4~6 years old.Among the patients with infuenza A.the highest positive rate was found in male patients aged≥66 years(13.4%),and in female patients aged 19-65 years(7.2%).Among the patients with influenza B,the male patients had the highest positive rate(5.3%)at the age of 4~6 years,while the female patients had no significant diference in the positive rate among all age groups(x^2=10.371,P=0.110).Compared with infucenza A,W BC decreased more significandly in infuenza B(x^2=7.001,P=0.011),lymphocyte decreased more signifcantly in influenza A than in infuenza B(x^2=9.229,P=0.003),and WBC was normal in most infuenza patients(63.4%).Conclusion Influenza epidemic has the characteristics of seasonality and periodicity;in the season of high incidence of influenza,influenza like symptoms combined with normal white blood cells should be highly suspected of influenza,and anti influenza treatment should be carried out as soon as possible.