民族文化生态保护区:少数民族非遗整体性保护的“中国模式”

Ethnic Cultural Ecological Protection Zones: the Chinese Model for the Overall Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ethnic Minorities

民族文化生态保护区是我国实践整体保护少数民族非遗的重大创新,其建设实践为世界范围内少数民族非遗的保护贡献了可供借鉴的"中国模式":坚持保护优先、开发服从保护的原则,在少数民族非遗资源富集的地区设立民族文化生态保护区,对保护区内各类资源进行整体保护,构建由当地政府、专家和社会民众及团体等组成的多元主体参与机制。目前民族文化生态保护区建设仍然存在跨区域保护的管理不便、保护区内民众的主体性发挥不足、过度化开发和缺少专门法律体系和管理机制保障等问题。为实现我国民族文化生态保护区的科学有序的发展建设,我们应积极探索民族文化生态保护区的未来发展路径:克服保护区与行政区划交叉重叠的管理弊端,组建保护区建设发展协调机制;强化保护区建设中的社会参与;加大财政支持力度,积极拓宽保护区资金来源渠道;将保护区内非遗申报为更高级别项目名录;加快保护区法律法规建设,构建合理的保护区建设机制。

The ethnic cultural ecological protection area is an important innovation in China’s practice of overall protection of the intangible cultural heritage of ethnic minorities.Our experience provides the world a"Chinese model"in this regard:adhering to the principle of prioritizing protection above development,setting up ethnic cultural and ecological protection zones in areas rich in intangible cultural heritage resources of ethnic minorities,so as to provide overall protection for all kinds of resources in the areas,and establish a multi-subject participation mechanism which involves specialists,communities and organizations.At present,there are still some problems in the construction of ethnic cultural ecological protection areas,such as inconvenient management of trans-regional protection,insufficient participation of the people in the protection areas,excessive development and lack of special legal system and management mechanism.In order to realize the scientific and well-organized development of China’s ethnic cultural ecological protection areas,we should actively explore approaches for the future development of ethnic cultural ecological protection areas,and attach more importance to social participation in the construction of protection areas.We should solve the management problem caused by the overlap between protection areas and administrative divisions,and establish a coordination mechanism for the construction and development of the protection areas.We should increase financial support and actively expand fund source for the protection areas.We should try to make the intangible cultural heritage in the protection areas to be listed in higher-level directories.We should speed up the construction of laws and regulations in the protection areas,and build a reasonable construction mechanism for them.