国有文艺院团分类改革的实践检视及优化思路

Observation of the Classification Reform of State-owned Art Troupes and Optimization Suggestions

国有文艺院团改革是我国文化体制改革的关键领域和核心内容。改革开放以来,分类改革一直是推动我国国有文艺院团改革的主线。在经过2009~2012年的"五个一批"改革后,我国国有文艺院团逐步形成事业体制和企业体制分类发展的格局。但近年来的发展实践证明,无论是事业体制还是企业体制都没能有效解决国有文艺院团效益不高、效能不优的问题,反而陷入"进退失据"的困局。这种困局背后有着深刻的艺术本体属性制约、制度安排约束以及市场环境影响。当下,深化国有文艺院团改革必须前置性地厘清改革的艺术本体属性限度、政治功能属性限度、社会效益属性限度和经济效益属性限度,继续深化分类改革的思路,依据科学化、标准化和规范化的分类标准,建立公共治理、公共治理+社会治理、社会治理+市场治理和市场治理四种治理类型和技术方案。

The reform of the state-owned art troupes is the key field and core content of China’s cultural system reform.Since the reform and opening up,the classification reform has been dominant to promote the reform of China’s state-owned art troupes.After the"five batches"reforms in 2009~2012,China’s state-owned art troupes has gradually diverged into public institutions and enterprise entities.However,the development in recent years has proved that neither public institutions nor enterprise entities can effectively solve the problems of low efficiency of state-owned art troupes.Instead,they are all caught in a dilemma.Behind this dilemma are the profound constraints on artistic ontology,institutional arrangements,and market environment.At present,to deepen the reform of state-owned art troupes,we must preemptively clarify the limits of art ontology,attributes,political function attributes,social benefit attributes,and economic benefit attributes of the reform,continue to deepen the idea of classification reform,and in accordance with scientific,standardized and normative classification standards establish four types of governance and technical solutions,namely,public governance,public governance+social governance,social governance+market governance and market governance.