个人教育在就业性别观念变迁中的作用:基于HAPC模型的分析

The Influence of Individual Education on the Change of the Ideas about Employment for Each Gender:Based on HAPC Model

基于世界价值观调查中国部分的四波数据,使用多层年龄-时期-队列(HAPC)模型,探讨了我国就业性别观念变迁过程中个人教育的影响作用。结果表明:在教育的静态影响中,学历越高,人们的就业性别观念越平等。在时间变量的变迁中,随年龄增加,女性的就业性别观念越来越传统,男性则没有变化;随时期推移,女性和男性的就业性别平等观念都呈"N型"变化趋势,且差距不断扩大;随出生队列年轻化,女性的就业性别观念几乎没有变化,男性也只有小幅波动。在教育的时间动态影响中,随年龄增长,个人教育只对男性就业性别平等观念的影响作用逐渐增强;随时期推移,无论男女,个人教育的影响作用都呈现出由弱变强再变弱的变迁轨迹;随出生队列年轻化,个人教育的影响作用没有明显变化。总体而言,调查时期女性在劳动力市场的就业水平及地位对人们的性别态度具有更强的影响效应。

Based on the four surveys of world value in China in 1995,2001,2007,and 2012,this paper discusses the influence of individual education on the change of the ideas about employment for each gender in China with HAPC(Hierarchical-Age-Period-Cohort)model.The findings are as follows:In terms of the static influence of individual education,the higher the individual education level,the more likely people are to support gender equality in employment.In terms of time variable,women’s idea about employment gets increasingly conservative with age,while men shows no change.Over time,both men’s and women’s idea about employment shows an"n-shape"trend and the gap between them is widening.As the birth cohort gets younger,women’s idea about employment shows little change,and also a little fluctuation in men’s.In terms of the dynamic influence of education,individual education only makes men take more positive attitude toward gender equality in employment with age.With the passage of time,the influence of individual education on both men and women changes from weak to strong and then to weak.With the birth cohort getting younger,the influence of individual education does not change significantly.In general,the employment level and status of women in the labor market has a stronger influence on people’s idea about employment from the perspective of gender during the survey period.