《奇异的蒙古马》蕴涵的游牧生态观解读

Interpretation of Nomadic Ecological View in The Exotic Mongolian Horse

英国作家詹姆斯·奥尔德里奇的小说《奇异的蒙古马》用书信体形式,讲述了一匹“普氏野马”从英国野生动物保护区逃脱、历经艰险、在欧亚大草原上驰骋万里、奔回故乡蒙古高原的传奇故事。由于作品描写了两位异国小朋友与动物之间的情感,以往的读者将其归类为儿童文学,实际上它属于生态批评中被“延误”(Belatedness)的一类文本。今天,从生态伦理和生态文学的角度加以审视,这部作品实际上深刻反思着人与动物、人与自然界的关系,小说中牧民的言行中蕴涵着欧亚大草原上游牧文明所独具的“人与自然和谐共生”的原生态思维;这种意识观念可以将其解读为:敬仰自由的生活观、敬畏生命的生命观和敬重自然的生态观。

British writer James Aldridge’s novel The Exotic Mongolian Horse tells a legend story of a wild horse that escaped from the British wildlife reserve,ran thousands of miles on the Eurasian steppe,and finally back to the Mongolian plateau. Previous readers have classified the novel as children’s literature because of its depiction of the relationship between two foreign children and animals. It actually belongs to a class of text that is"Belatedness"in ecocriticism. Today,from the perspective of ecological ethics and ecological literature,this novel profoundly reflects the relationship between men,animals and nature. The words and deeds of herdsmen embody the unique consciousness of"harmonious coexistence between human-being and nature"in the nomadic civilization of the Eurasian steppe,which can be interpreted as the view of live that respects freedom,the view of life that respects vita,and the view of ecology that respects nature.