印度尼西亚亚齐问题与俄罗斯车臣问题当代演进过程中的相似性研究

Study on the Similarities between the Contemporary Evolution of Aceh in Indonesia and Chechnya in Russia

印度尼西亚的亚齐特别行政区与俄罗斯的车臣共和国虽然相距甚远且差异巨大,但亚齐和车臣的两个分离主义问题在当代的发展演变却有着相当大的共性:二者都在事实上获得了充分的高度自治;二者的分离主义也都到目前为止得到了有效治理;在现阶段二者在区域治理层面都呈现出高度的伊斯兰化特征。为何这两个看似毫无关联的地区分离主义问题会有如此惊人的相似度?本文认为,用权力下放理论可以对其进行较好的解释:权力下放可以被用来治理分离主义,而且往往能在中短期取得良好的效果,但代价则是获得充分自治权的被治理地区会过度强化本土的文化传统以对抗所在国的主流文化传统。像亚齐和车臣这样的伊斯兰教长期占主导地位的地区,对本土文化传统的强调会导致本区域伊斯兰化的增强。

Although the Aceh Special Administrative Region of Indonesia and the Republic of Chechnya of Russia are far apart and vastly different from each other,the two separatism issues of Aceh and Chechnya have considerable similarities in the development and evolution of modern times:both of them have actually achieved full and high autonomy;separatism in both has been effectively managed so far;At present,both of them are highly Islamized in regional governance.Why are these two seemingly unrelated regional separatism issues so strikingly similar?This paper,with the theory of decentralization to better explain,argues that decentralization can be used to govern separatism,and often achieve good results in the short to medium term;But the cost is that the full autonomy governed regions may over-strengthen their local cultural traditions against the mainstream culture of their host countries.For Muslim-dominated regions such as Aceh and Chechnya,the emphasis on indigenous cultural traditions will lead to an increase of Islamization in the region.