赋权增能理论视角下中国部分残疾人体育参与的困境与破解策略

Predicament and Solution Strategy of Sports Participation of Some Disabled People in China from the Perspective of Empowerment Theory

残疾人既是全面小康社会的受益者,也是重要的参与者和建设者。运用文献研究法、问卷调查法、访谈法等,从残疾人体育参与的相关法律与法规、残疾人公共体育服务、无障碍设施建设方面分析残疾人体育参与制度保障现状。残疾人体育发展需要有完善的残疾人体育组织体系和社会支持系统,那么,在宏观层面如何为残疾人体育参与“赋权”、在微观层面如何使残疾人体育参与“增能”是核心问题。基于赋权增能理论,分析样本省市的残疾人体育参与困境的深层原因:(1)残疾人体育参与制度有待细化;(2)残疾人体育管理机制有待完善;(3)残疾人体育参与的社会支持薄弱;(4)残疾人体育参与的外在增能不足;(5)残疾人体育参与的个人内在增能乏力。基于以上,提出样本省市残疾人体育参与困境的破解策略,包括进一步完善残疾人体育政策、法规,以政策与法规的细化促进残疾人体育的强化;完善残疾人体育组织管理机制,提高残疾人公共体育服务水平;等等。

Disabled persons are not only beneficiaries but also important participants and builders of a well-off society.By means of literature review,questionnaire survey,interview,etc.,this paper analyzes the status quo of the system guarantee of disabled people’s sports participation from the aspects of relevant laws and regulations,public sports services for disabled people,and barrier-free facilities construction.The development of sports for the disabled requires a perfect organization system and social support system for the disabled.Then,how to“empower”the disabled at the macro level and how to“increase energy”at the micro level are the core issues.Based on the theory of empowerment and energy enhancement,this paper analyzes the deep reasons of the plight of disabled people’s sports participation in sample provinces and cities:(1)the sports participation system for the disabled needs to be refined;(2)the sports management mechanism for the disabled needs to be improved;(3)social support for disability sports participation is weak;(4)the external empowerment of the disabled sports participation is insufficient;(5)the individual internal empowerment of the disabled sports participation is weak.Based on the above,this paper proposes the solution strategies for disabled people’s sports participation in sample provinces and cities,including further improving the policies and regulations of disabled people’s sports to promote the strengthening of sports for the disabled with the refinement of policies and regulations,improving the organization and management mechanism of sports for the disabled,improving the level of public sports services for the disabled,improving the level of sports services for the disabled,and so on.