影响单板滑雪U型场地技巧比赛成绩的运动技术表现指标研究:以2018年平昌冬奥会单板滑雪U型场地技巧比赛为例

Research on the Sports Technique Performance Indicators Influencing the Performance of Half-pipe Snowboarding Technique:Taking the Half-pipe Snowboarding Technique Competition in Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics Games as an Example

为探讨不同运动技术表现指标对单板滑雪U型场地技巧比赛中运动员“整体印象”评分的影响,从单板滑雪U型场地技巧竞赛评分体系中的“高度”“难度”“多样化”和“完成质量”4个维度选取了9项运动技术表现指标对96例2018年平昌冬奥会单板滑雪U型场地比赛录像样本进行量化加工和统计分析,其中:男子运动员的比赛录像样本50例、女子运动员的比赛录像样本46例。结果:平均滞空时长、平均翻转角度、综合最大翻转角度、最大连续翻转角度、多样化及完成质量6项运动技术表现指标与样本运动员比赛成绩存在显著的相关性,且在高分组与非高分组的组间比较中呈现显著差异。以比赛成绩作为因变量,9项运动技术表现指标作为自变量建立的多元线性回归方程计算结果显示,“平均滞空时长”“平均翻转角度”和“完成质量”3项指标是决定样本女子运动员比赛成绩的主要运动技术表现指标;而“完成质量”“多样化”“平均滞空时长”和“最大连续翻转角度”是决定样本男子运动员比赛成绩的主要运动技术表现指标。结论:“高度”“难度”“多样化”和“完成质量”均影响样本运动员的比赛成绩,但各维度运动技术表现指标在“整体印象”评分中的影响程度存在差异。单板滑雪U型场地技巧项目的专项运动技术训练应以完善滑行技术、强化成套动作完成质量为重点,在此基础上,循序渐进地增加动作难度和动作的多样性,并形成运动员的个人风格。

In order to explore the comprehensive influence of different sports technique performance on the“overall impression(OI)”score of the half-pipe snowboarding athletes in technique competitions,nine sports technique performance indicators were selected from the four dimensions of the scoring system(amplitude,difficulty,variety and execution)to carry statistical analysis on the technique indicators of 96 cases(50 men and 46 women)of half-pipe snowboarding technique competition in Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games.Data show that there is a great correlation between the OI scores and six technique performance indicators-“average hang time”“average degree of rotation”“comprehensive maximum degree of rotation”“maximum back to back rotation degree”and“variety counts”;meanwhile,there are significant differences of the six technique performance indicators above between the groups of“high OI score”group and“non-high OI score”group.Multiple linear regression of the OI scores model shows that the“average hang time”“average degree of rotation”and“execution quality”indicators are the main technical performance indexes that determine the competition performance of the sample female athletes,while“execution quality”“variety counts”“average hang time”and“maximum back to back rotation degree”are the main technical performance indicators that determine the competition performance of sample male athletes.Conclusion:amplitude,difficulty,variety and execution all affect the performance of the sample athletes.However,there are differences in the influence degree of each dimension of sports technical performance indicators in the IO scores.The special technical training of the half-pipe snowboarding technique athletes should focus on perfecting the sliding technique and strengthening the completion quality of the complete set of movements.On this basis,the difficulty and variety of movements should be increased step by step,and the individual styles of the athletes should be formed.